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US History timeline & concept chart: 1789-1860 Early Republic to Antebellum: Difference between revisions

US History timeline & concept chart: 1789-1860 Early Republic to Antebellum (view source)

Revision as of 19:06, 11 May 2021

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* 1793 Washington's 2nd term <br><br>
* 1793 Washington's 2nd term <br><br>
* 1793 "Citizen Genet" episiode<br><br>
* 1793 "Citizen Genet" episiode<br><br>
* 1794 Whiskey Rebellion <br><br>
* 1794 Whiskey Rebellion<br><br>
* 1797-8: Alien & Sedition Acts
* 1795 Jay's Treaty<br><br>
* 1796 Pinckney's Treaty<br><br>
* 1797-8: Alien & Sedition Acts<br><br>
 
* <br><br>
* <br><br>
* <br><br>
* <br><br>
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=== Whiskey Rebellion ===   
=== Whiskey Rebellion ===   
* Whiskey Act extremely unpopular  
* Whiskey Act extremely unpopular  
*  
* Washington asserted Federal power to enforce the tax
=== Hamilton "Report on Manufactures" ===   
=== Hamilton "Report on Manufactures" ===   
* Major Events here
* promoted activist Federal governance re. economy
=== French Revolution & domestic U.S. politics ===   
=== French Revolution & domestic U.S. politics ===   
* Major Events here
 
=== Washington Farewell Address ===   
=== Washington Farewell Address ===   
* warned against political parties  
* warned against political parties  
* warned against "foreign entanglements"
* warned against "foreign entanglements"


=== Adams presidency
* avoided war with France
* marked by severe political partisanship
* Alien & Sedition Acts
* "Midnight appointments"
||
||
'''BIG IDEAS'''
'''BIG IDEAS'''
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* Hamilton-Jefferson split
* Hamilton-Jefferson split
* rise of political parties
* rise of political parties
* Adams presidency
* avoidance of war with France over the '''XYZ Affair''' & naval clashes w/ French ships
'''DETAILS'''
'''DETAILS'''
'''Washington presidency, 1789-1797'''
'''Washington presidency, 1789-1797'''
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in 1788, Washington wrote:
in 1788, Washington wrote:
<pre>I should unfeignedly rejoice, in case the Electors, by giving their votes to another person would save me from the dreaded dilemma of being forced to accept or refuse... If that may not be–I am, in the next place, earnestly desirous of searching out the truth, and knowing whether there does not exist a probability that the government would be just as happily and effectually carried into execution without my aid."</pre> ([https://washingtonpapers.org/resources/articles/first-presidents-election-was-the-last-thing-he-wanted/ First President’s Election Was the Last Thing He Wanted (washingtonpapers.org)]
<pre>I should unfeignedly rejoice, in case the Electors, by giving their votes to another person would save me from the dreaded dilemma of being forced to accept or refuse... If that may not be–I am, in the next place, earnestly desirous of searching out the truth, and knowing whether there does not exist a probability that the government would be just as happily and effectually carried into execution without my aid."</pre> ([https://washingtonpapers.org/resources/articles/first-presidents-election-was-the-last-thing-he-wanted/ First President’s Election Was the Last Thing He Wanted (washingtonpapers.org)]
Upon election in 1791, Washington wrote that he had give up "all expectations of private happiness in this world." (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/george-washington-the-reluctant-president-49492/ George Washington: The Reluctant President (Smithsonian Magazine)]
Upon election in 1791, Washington wrote that he had give up "all expectations of private happiness in this world." (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/george-washington-the-reluctant-president-49492/ George Washington: The Reluctant President (Smithsonian Magazine)]</div>
* Washington's primary goals:
* Washington's primary goals:
** establish precedents for the office of the President, esp. regarding
** establish precedents for the office of the President, esp. regarding
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** ensure popular support for new government
** ensure popular support for new government
*** tours of 1789, 1790, 1791 were designed to promote national unity, display presidency, and promote his policies
*** tours of 1789, 1790, 1791 were designed to promote national unity, display presidency, and promote his policies
* consolidate U.S. territory, especially regarding Northwest Territories and Southern borders with Spain
'''election of 1789'''
'''election of 1789'''
* prior to the 12th amendment (1803), the President and Vice President were selected by 1st and 2nd place in the Electoral College, with each Elector casting two votes
* prior to the 12th amendment (1803), the President and Vice President were selected by 1st and 2nd place in the Electoral College, with each Elector casting two votes
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** Jefferson vehemently opposed a national bank, fearing its impact on sectional divisions
** Jefferson vehemently opposed a national bank, fearing its impact on sectional divisions
** Washington reluctantly signed the bill following Hamilton's advice
** Washington reluctantly signed the bill following Hamilton's advice
''' Residence Act'''
* established permanent capitol along Potomac River between Maryland and Virginia
** named
'''Hamilton's 1791 "Report on Manufactures"'''
'''Hamilton's 1791 "Report on Manufactures"'''
* argued for federal support of domestic industry, including
* argued for federal support of domestic industry, including
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** Washington infuriated by the interference  
** Washington infuriated by the interference  
*** issued the '''Proclamation of Neutrality''' on April 22, 1793 stating the America was neutral in the French / British conflict  
*** issued the '''Proclamation of Neutrality''' on April 22, 1793 stating the America was neutral in the French / British conflict  
'''Jay Treaty'''  
'''Jay's Treaty'''  
* Secretary of State John Jay negotiated a treaty with England that:
* Secretary of State John Jay negotiated a treaty with England that:
** ensured US neutrality  
** ensured US neutrality in British-French wars
** opened US ports to British and British ports in Caribbean to Americans
** opened US ports to British and British ports in Caribbean to Americans
** British evacuated all remaining Western forts (was part of terms of Treaty of Paris, 1783, ending Revolutionary War)
** British evacuated all remaining Western forts (was part of terms of Treaty of Paris, 1783, ending Revolutionary War)
** southerners were outraged by the Treaty
*** = leaving '''Northwest territories''' to the U.S.
** the Senate approved the treaty and the House appropriated funding for its enactment, but only after bitter debate
** U.S. agreed to pay certain Revolutionary War debts
* the Treaty was unpopular, especially in southern states
* Senate approved the treaty and the House appropriated funding for its enactment, but only after bitter debate
** the Jay Treaty episode further solidified the partisan/ ideological divide between Hamiltonians and Jeffersonians
** the Jay Treaty episode further solidified the partisan/ ideological divide between Hamiltonians and Jeffersonians
** in 1796, House of Representative demanded internal Executive branch documents regarding the Treaty
*** Washington refused to deliver them
*** = establishing "'''executive privilege'''"
'''"Pinckney's Treaty"'''
* formal name: "Treaty of San Lorenzo"
* agreement w/ Spain provided
** US access to Mississippi River
** removal of Spanish forts on US lands
** promise from Spain to help stop Indian attacks on US settlers
'''Washington declined to run for a 3rd term'''
'''Washington declined to run for a 3rd term'''
* = important example of a leader stepping down from power and supporting a peaceful transfer of power  
* = important example of a leader stepping down from power and supporting a peaceful transfer of power  
* sets precedent for two-term limit for presidents
* sets precedent for two-term limit for presidents
** precedent was honored until FDR, although Teddy Roosevelt ran for a third term in 1912 (and lost)
** precedent was honored until FDR, although Teddy Roosevelt ran for a third term in 1912 (and lost)
'''Washington's "Farewell Address"
'''Washington's "Farewell Address"'''
* a "valedictory address" (via written statement) to the American people in order to articulate his most important advice:
* a "valedictory address" (via written statement) to the American people in order to articulate his most important advice:
** follow the Constitution (rule of law) in order to ensure "that your union and brotherly affection may be perpetual"
** follow the Constitution (rule of law) in order to ensure "that your union and brotherly affection may be perpetual"
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<pre>The unity of government which constitutes you one people is also now dear to you. It is justly so; for it is a main pillar in the edifice of your real independence, the support of your tranquility at home, your peace abroad, of your safety, of your prosperity, of that very liberty which you so highly prize. But as it is easy to foresee that, from different causes and from different quarters, much pains will be taken, many artifices employed, to weaken in your minds the conviction of this truth; as this is the point in your political fortress against which the batteries of internal and external enemies will be most constantly and actively (though often covertly and insidiously) directed, it is of infinite moment that you should properly estimate the immense value of your national Union to your collective and individual happiness; that you should cherish a cordial, habitual, and immovable attachment to it; accustoming yourselves to think and speak of it as of the palladium of your political safety and prosperity; watching for its preservation with jealous anxiety; discountenancing whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it can in any event be abandoned; and indignantly frowning upon the first dawning of every attempt to alienate any portion of our country from the rest, or to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts</pre> (for full text see [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Washington%27s_Farewell_Address Washington's Farewell Address (wikisource)]
<pre>The unity of government which constitutes you one people is also now dear to you. It is justly so; for it is a main pillar in the edifice of your real independence, the support of your tranquility at home, your peace abroad, of your safety, of your prosperity, of that very liberty which you so highly prize. But as it is easy to foresee that, from different causes and from different quarters, much pains will be taken, many artifices employed, to weaken in your minds the conviction of this truth; as this is the point in your political fortress against which the batteries of internal and external enemies will be most constantly and actively (though often covertly and insidiously) directed, it is of infinite moment that you should properly estimate the immense value of your national Union to your collective and individual happiness; that you should cherish a cordial, habitual, and immovable attachment to it; accustoming yourselves to think and speak of it as of the palladium of your political safety and prosperity; watching for its preservation with jealous anxiety; discountenancing whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it can in any event be abandoned; and indignantly frowning upon the first dawning of every attempt to alienate any portion of our country from the rest, or to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts</pre> (for full text see [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Washington%27s_Farewell_Address Washington's Farewell Address (wikisource)]
</div>
</div>
* '''John Adams''' presidency
'''John Adams''' presidency
**  
* Adams unpopular but firm
** '''Alien & Sedition Acts, 1797-8:  
* marked by political bitterness
*** Adams and congressional allies attempted to outlaw dissent  
* a dominant issue was English-French wars
** impacted American merchants
** Americans/ parties split on allegiance to Britain or France of European wars
 
''' XYZ Affair (1797-98)'''
* '''Alien & Sedition Acts, 1797-8:  
** Adams and congressional allies attempted to outlaw dissent  
 
''' opening of Washington DC as national capitol
6.2 Alien and Sedition Acts
6.3 Taxation and Fries's Rebellion
 


Other:  
Other concepts & terms:  
* '''Republican Motherhood'''
'''Republican Motherhood'''
** idea that a woman's role was to nurture virtuous male citizens
* idea that a woman's role was to nurture virtuous male citizens
* '''Northwest Territories'''
'''Northwest Territories'''
* '''Indian Wars'''
'''Indian Wars'''
* States added to Union after original 13:
''' new States''':  
** Vermont (territory ceded by New York) 1791
** Vermont (territory ceded by New York) 1791
** Kentucky (“western”), 1792
** Kentucky (“western”), 1792
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