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AP US History vocabulary list: Difference between revisions
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== Civil War == | == Civil War == | ||
<div style="column-count:2"> | <div style="column-count:2"> | ||
* | === Civil War era elections === | ||
==== Election of 1860 ==== | |||
* Republican Party | |||
** Ticket: Abraham Lincoln | |||
** Electoral College Votes (EVs): 180 (out of 303 total) | |||
** Popular vote: 39.7% | |||
* Southern Democratic Party | |||
** Ticket: John C. Breckinridge | |||
** EVS: 72 | |||
** Pop vote: 14.4% | |||
* Constitutional Union Party | |||
** Ticket: John Bell | |||
** EVs: 39 | |||
** pop vote: 12.6% | |||
* Northern Democratic Party | |||
** Ticket: Stephen Douglas | |||
** EVs: 12 | |||
** Pop vote: 21.5% | |||
=== Secession === | |||
Notes: | |||
* Seven southern states seceded before Lincoln's inauguration | |||
* Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee and North Carolina seceded after the battle at Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861 | |||
* The key border states of Kentucky and Missouri had secession movements and conventions but they did not control those states, which maintained representation in the US Congress. | |||
South Carolina | |||
* Confederate States of America | formed on Feb 9 1861, prior to Lincoln's inauguration in March; Jefferson Davis of Mississippi was elected president; organizing states were, in order of secession, South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas; the | |||
* Fort Sumpter | |||
=== Events === | |||
* Anaconda Plan | * Anaconda Plan | ||
* Antietam | * Antietam | ||
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* Confederacy | * Confederacy | ||
* Copperheads | * Copperheads | ||
* Election of 1864 | |||
* Emancipation Proclamation | * Emancipation Proclamation | ||
* Ft. Sumter | * Ft. Sumter | location of the first hostilities between the north and south on April 12, 1861, and was the trigger for the remainder of southern states to secede; the fort was located on an island at the entrance to the Charleston, SC harbor; it was considerable but incompletely built; Federal forces moved there from another more vulnerable island fort for better protection; SC demanded the forces surrender, but President Buchanan refused and tried to reinforce it; later, Lincoln sent warships to reinforce it, but on April 12 the Southern forces began a bombardment and the Union forces surrendered and evacuated the next day | ||
* Gettysburg | * Gettysburg | ||
* Gettysburg Address | * Gettysburg Address | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Harper's Ferry| Oct 1859, radical abolitionist John Brown led an attack on a federal military arsenal (supplies, guns) at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, along the Potomac River north of Washington, DC. Brown and his 21followers hoped to start a slave rebellion; he was caught by US Marines, including Robert E. Lee; Brown was arrested and hung by the state of Virginia; southerners claimed that Brown's raid was a "natural, inevitable result" of Republican politics; Republicans denounced the raid, although radical abolitionists were thrilled, such as transcendentalist poet Ralph Waldo Emerson who called him a "saint awaiting his martyrdom"}}< | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:Harper's Ferry| Oct 1859, radical abolitionist John Brown led an attack on a federal military arsenal (supplies, guns) at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, along the Potomac River north of Washington, DC. Brown and his 21followers hoped to start a slave rebellion; he was caught by US Marines, including Robert E. Lee; Brown was arrested and hung by the state of Virginia; southerners claimed that Brown's raid was a "natural, inevitable result" of Republican politics; Republicans denounced the raid, although radical abolitionists were thrilled, such as transcendentalist poet Ralph Waldo Emerson who called him a "saint awaiting his martyrdom"}}<li> Lincoln’s pre-war stance on slavery</li></ul> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Sherman’s March| Nov-Dec 1864; also called "The March to the Sea"; after taking Atlanta, GA, Union General Tecumseh Sherman marched his army to Savannah, GA, destroying railways, supplies and supply routes, and plundering plantations and towns, called "scorched earth" campaign; considered punitive, the raid created great resentment in the South, while at the same time bolstering Union enthusiasm for the victories of Sherman's army; On Dec 26, Sherman sent a telegram to Lincoln offering Savannah as a "Christmas gift"; in Jan. 1865, Sherman headed North through the Carolinas, using the same scorched earth tactics}}<li>states rights</ul> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Sherman’s March| Nov-Dec 1864; also called "The March to the Sea"; after taking Atlanta, GA, Union General Tecumseh Sherman marched his army to Savannah, GA, destroying railways, supplies and supply routes, and plundering plantations and towns, called "scorched earth" campaign; considered punitive, the raid created great resentment in the South, while at the same time bolstering Union enthusiasm for the victories of Sherman's army; On Dec 26, Sherman sent a telegram to Lincoln offering Savannah as a "Christmas gift"; in Jan. 1865, Sherman headed North through the Carolinas, using the same scorched earth tactics}}< | |||
* Vicksburg | * Vicksburg | ||
* U.S. Grant | * Union | ||
=== People === | |||
Jefferson Davis | |||
U.S. Grant | |||
Robert E. Lee | |||
Abraham Lincoln | |||
William Seward | |||
Tecumseh Sherman | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
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=== Economic & Political === | === Economic & Political === | ||
* Andrew Carnegie | * Andrew Carnegie | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:bimetallism|the policy of fixing the value of silver and gold so taht if one went up or down, the relative value of the other would stay the same; in the late 19th century, bimetallism was used politically to oppose the gold standard, especially by Wm. Jennings Bryan, who more largely argued for "free silver" but used bimetallism as a supposed compromise between gold and silver, although it would essential tie Gold to the decreasing value of silver, which was Bryan[s purpose}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:bimetallism|the policy of fixing the value of silver and gold so taht if one went up or down, the relative value of the other would stay the same; in the late 19th century, bimetallism was used politically to oppose the gold standard, especially by Wm. Jennings Bryan, who more largely argued for "free silver" but used bimetallism as a supposed compromise between gold and silver, although it would essential tie Gold to the decreasing value of silver, which was Bryan[s purpose}}</ul></li> | ||
* economies of scale | * economies of scale | ||