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Parts of speech: Difference between revisions

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=== Verbs and prepositions as adverbs & subordinating conjunctions ===
=== Verbs and prepositions as adverbs & subordinating conjunctions ===
* some grammatical forms or word parts "overlap" grammatical roles
* prepositions and verb types:
** that is they can operate as multiple grammatical forms  
** '''transitive verb''' = must be accompanied by an object
*** the preposition will not be the direct object
**** ''I give a bone '''to the dog'''''
** '''intransitive verb''' = does not take an object
*** the preposition will act as an adverb (modifier) of the intransitive verb:
**** He waits '''''for the bus'''''
***** the prepositional phrase doesn't match the subject; instead if modifies the verb "waits"
** '''linking verb''' = does not need an object
*** linking verbs include ''is, become, seem, smell'', etc.
**** they do not take an adverb
***** i.e., "You seem happily" makes no sense
***** instead, "You seem happy"
****** "happy" = '''subject complement adjective'''
**** linking verbs "link" to a noun or adjective
***** "I feel happy" or "He is a doctor"
*** as a modifier the prepositional phrase adds additional information to the '''subject complement noun'''
**** ''I feel happy '''about my test'''''
**** ''He is a doctor '''in Nebraska'''''
* "overlapping" grammatical roles for prepositions
** some words and grammar forms "overlap" or operate in or as multiple grammatical forms
* "intransitive preposition"
* "intransitive preposition"
** = prepositions may or may not define a "noun phrase" (which prepositions would normally accompany)
** = prepositions may or may not define a "noun phrase" (which prepositions would normally accompany)
** note:
** intransitive prepositions do not need a noun or noun phrase
*** transitive verb = must be accompanied by an object
** i.e., they act as '''adverb modifiers''' or '''subject complements'''
*** intransitive verb = does not need an object ("I feel happy")
*** so intransitive prepositions do not need a noun or noun phrase
* most dictionaries qualify intransitive prepositions as adverbs, such as "abroad," "now," "until"
* most dictionaries qualify intransitive prepositions as adverbs, such as "abroad," "now," "until"
** ex. of intransitive preposition: "They went ahead" or "The dog is outside"
** ex. of intransitive preposition: "They went ahead" or "The dog is outside"
*** with a noun these would be more clearly prepositions: "They went ahead of the others" or "The dog is outside the fence"
** with a noun these would be more clearly prepositions:  
*** "They went ahead of the others" or "The dog is outside the fence"
* overlap of prepositions and subordinating conjunctions
* overlap of prepositions and subordinating conjunctions
* = a "conjunctive preposition"
* = a "conjunctive preposition"
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** ex.: "He played like a pro"
** ex.: "He played like a pro"
** vs.: "He played like he was a pro"
** vs.: "He played like he was a pro"
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=== prepositional phrase ===
=== prepositional phrase ===
* = a phrase created by a preposition + its object
* = a phrase created by a preposition + its object