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Note: change to separate category and entry for [[Geography]] or leave here as a skill and add new entry /category for [[Human Geography]]
Note: change to separate category and entry for [[Geography]] or leave here as a skill and add new entry /category for [[Human Geography]]


===Isolation===
===Movement===
* details
* geography shapes human interactions
** when people mix, exchange, interact, we call it "'''cultural diffusion"'''
** = the spread of ideas, languages, religions, values, cultral practices, technologies, disease, etc. through '''trade, migration and warfare'''
** see full section on Cultural Diffusion below
* '''geographic barriers to movement:'''
** inhibitors = less movement = less cultural diffusion
* types of barriers or inhibitors to movement:
** mountains, deserts, oceans & seas, crossing rivers, jungles, deserts, canyons, waterfalls (cataracts)
** long distances
** climate: extreme climates and differences in climate across regions = barrier to cultural diffusion
 
* '''geographic catalysts for movement:'''
* facilitators = more movement = more cultural diffusion


===Movement===
* facilitators = aids to movement  
* geographic barriers to movement =  
* types of facilitators to movement:
** inhibitors / barriers to movement
** valleys, going along rivers or coastlines, flat lands,  
* geographic catalysts for movement =
** facilitators of movement
* examples:
** barriers: mountains, deserts, crossing rivers, jungles, deserts, canyons, waterfalls (cataracts), extreme climates
** distance = barrier to movement and cultural diffusion
** different climates = barrier to movement and cultural diffusion
* facilitators / aids to movement
** examples: valleys, going along rivers, flat lands, mild climates
** similar climate = aid to movement
** similar climate = aid to movement
** both:
** short distances
*** a river as "both a highway and a moat"
* geographic features that can act as both barriers to and facilitators of movement :
*** a coastline as both inhibitor and facilitator of movement
** rivers = "both a highway and a moat"
*** woods, lakes, and rivers as  
** a coastline as both inhibitor and facilitator of movement
**** barriers during warm weather  
** woods, lakes, and rivers as  
**** and facilitators in cold weather (ice, lack of underbrush during winter, etc.)
*** barriers during warm weather
*** and facilitators in cold weather (ice, lack of underbrush during winter, etc.)
* examples
* examples
** Wallace line see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallacea Wallacea]
** Wallace line see [[wikipedia:Wallacea|Wallacea]]
 
=== '''Isolation''' ===
 
* a state of geographic separation from other people and places
* isolation is caused by geographic barriers
* note that isolated areas may have isolated regions within themselves
* isolation creates regions


===Regions===
===Regions===
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==== Utopia paradox ====
==== Utopia paradox ====
* the idea that what happened in the past could or should have been different
* the idea that what happened in the past could or should have been different
* the fallacy occurs from transposing an historical moment into the present
* the fallacy occurs from transposing (switching upon) present-day outlook upon the past
** i.e. measuring or defining the past historical values, conditions and choices with present-day values, conditions and choices
** would these historical actors be satisfied with conditions of today?
** would these historical actors be satisfied with conditions of today?
** if so, what would they have done differently
** if so, what would they have done differently