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* the Protestant Reformation marked a defining moment in Western European history | * the Protestant Reformation marked a defining moment in Western European history | ||
** by rejecting Church hierarchy, and professing that individuals can have a direct relationship with God, Protestantism promoted individualism, equality, and political independence | ** regions and countries divided by religion and was thereby a significant contributing force to the modern nation state | ||
** by rejecting Church hierarchy, and professing that individuals can have a direct relationship with God, Protestantism promoted individualism, equality, and political independence | |||
** weakening of the Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire | |||
* religious conflict | * religious conflict | ||
** protestants considered the papacy an agent of the anti-Christ | ** protestants considered the papacy an agent of the anti-Christ |