US History timeline & concept chart: 1860s-1900: Difference between revisions

US History timeline & concept chart: 1860s-1900 (view source)

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-=== close of the frontier  ===
+=== close of the western frontier ===
 * railroads connected East to West coasts
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-Labor movements
-Unionization
+=== Labor movements
+* Unionization
+* rights of workers
+* strikes (and legality of them)
+* 	Knights of Labor, started 1869, to organized urban factory workers and demand better working conditions, pay, and prohibition on child labor (under age 14) - Haymarket Square Riot, 1886: labor activists set off bomb that killed police, turned popular support against labor  - Homestead Strike, 1892, steel factory strike put down by private army that killed several strikers
+* 	Pinkerton Detectives: hired by factory owners to put down strikes, protect strike-breakers (“scabs”)
-Rights of workers
+* - Pullman Palace Car Factory strike, 1894: first national strike, when one strike was joined by others and rail travel was shut down - Labor movements split between:
+*
-Strikes (and legality of them)
+=== socialism ===
-	- Knights of Labor, started 1869, to organized urban factory workers and demand better working conditions, pay, and prohibition on child labor (under age 14)
+=== <small>* led by Eugene Debs, who wanted to overthrow capitalism > trade unions, especially American Federation of Labor (AFL), led by Samuel Gompers, who denounced revolution and sought to negotiate with industry to raise wages and better work conditions  >> AFL restricted union membership to white men, mostly, excluding blacks and many immigrants</small> ===
-- Haymarket Square Riot, 1886: labor activists set off bomb that killed police, turned popular support against labor
-- Homestead Strike, 1892, steel factory strike put down by private army that killed several strikers
- > Pinkerton Detectives: hired by factory owners to put down strikes, protect strike-breakers (“scabs”)
-- Pullman Palace Car Factory strike, 1894: first national strike, when one strike was joined by others and rail travel was shut down
-- Labor movements split between:
- > socialists, led by Eugene Debs, who wanted to overthrow capitalism
- > trade unions, especially American Federation of Labor (AFL), led by Samuel Gompers, who denounced revolution and sought to negotiate with industry to raise wages and better work conditions
-  >> AFL restricted union membership to white men, mostly, excluding blacks and many immigrants
-Populist Movements
-What about the little guy?
+=== Populist movements: Grange & People's Party ===
-Hard v. Soft Money
+* hard v. soft money
-Gold v. Silver
+* =  gold v. silver
-Small famers want to pay debts in silver
+* Small famers want to pay debts in silver
-Wm J. Bryan: “Cross of Gold Speech”	- as the national economy become more interconnected, railroads, markets, grain prices, etc. become local issues dependent upon national systems
+* Wm J. Bryan:
-> as result, local interests organized into movements to defend the interests of farmers, especially, versus the railroads and industrial companies
+* “Cross of Gold Speech”
-> key was debt: farmers wanted “soft money” (silver) debt instead of “hard money” debt (gold)
+* as the national economy become more interconnected, railroads, markets, grain prices, etc. become local issues dependent upon national systems
-- Silver arose as an issue because of huge mines discovered that led to flood of silver into the markets, inflating the price of silver (thus soft money) versus gold, which was more scarce and kept its value
+* as result, local interests organized into movements to defend the interests of farmers, especially, versus the railroads and industrial companies
-- Grange Movement, starting 1867, grew as “cooperatives” and political candidates to represent the interest of farmers
+* key was debt: farmers wanted “soft money” (silver) debt instead of “hard money” debt (gold)
-- Farmer’s Alliances: grew out of Grange and extended more into politics
+* silver arose as an issue because of huge mines discovered that led to flood of silver into the markets, inflating the price of silver (thus soft money) versus gold, which was more scarce and kept its value
-- People’s Party: grew out of the Farmer’s alliances into a full political party
+* '''Grange Movement''', starting 1867
+* grew as “cooperatives” and political candidates to represent the interest of farmers
+* Farmer’s Alliances: grew out of Grange and extended more into politics
+* People’s Party: grew out of the Farmer’s alliances into a full political party
   > movement made up of small farmers mostly from the Midwest
   > 1892 election: Omaha platform called for silver money, government takeover of railroads and telegraphs, income tax, labor reform
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 	- urban reformers, including:
   > Jane Addams and “Hull House” to help working mothers
-- newspapers & “yellow journalism”
- > highlighted social problems
+== newspapers & “yellow journalism” ==
- > exaggerated or created scandals to sell more papers
-- Women’s Suffrage movement
+* highlighted social problems
-> movement advances into 1890s
+* exaggerated or created scandals to sell more papers
-> Susan B. Anthony promoted women’s suffrage amendment
-> American Suffrage Association won victories in various states for participation of women in state elections
-- beginnings of the Progressive movement
+Women’s Suffrage movement
-Radical movements
+movement advances into 1890s
+Susan B. Anthony promoted women’s suffrage amendment
+American Suffrage Association won victories in various states for participation of women in state elections
+beginnings of the Progressive movement
+radical movements
 Socialism, anarchism, radicalism
-	> anarchy, socialism, political agitation campaigns were common during this time, as some segments of society were not able to process changes in the economy and social structure (from farm to industry, from artisan to factory worker)
-> industrial strikes were sources of agitation and infiltration by radical groups into labor movements
+anarchy, socialism, political agitation campaigns were common during this time
-> President McKinley was assassinated in 1901 by an anarchist
-> most Americans were against violence but many Americans did worry about the meaning and impact of social and economic changes going on around them
+as some segments of society were not able to process changes in the economy and social structure (from farm to industry, from artisan to factory worker)
-> many Americans blame immigrants for the agitation
+industrial strikes were sources of agitation and infiltration by radical groups into labor movements
+President McKinley was assassinated in 1901 by an anarchist
+most Americans were against violence but many Americans did worry about the meaning and impact of social and economic changes going on around them
+many Americans blame immigrants for the agitation
 <nowiki>===  Populism ===</nowiki>