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US History timeline & concept chart: 1789-1860 Early Republic to Antebellum: Difference between revisions
US History timeline & concept chart: 1789-1860 Early Republic to Antebellum (view source)
Revision as of 13:29, 14 May 2021
, 14 May 2021→xx administrations
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RECONSTRUCTION | |||
Northern occupation of South | |||
How to bring South back into union while protecting rights of freedmen? | |||
= northern army occupation of the South enforce Civil War outcomes | |||
= to enforce the amendments and civil right laws | |||
= to bring the south back into the union | |||
>> Lincoln’s 2nd inaugural address >>> goal is to end war and heal wounds | |||
Radical Republicans wanted to punish the South | |||
Compromise of 1877 - 1876 election disputed, sent to House for decision | |||
- deal cut to elect Hayes in exchange for removing federal troops from south, effectively ending Reconstruction | |||
End of Reconstruction - Segregation imposed by whites | |||
> “Jim Crow” laws restricted blacks’ rights | |||
- Klu Klux Klan gained power and intimidated blacks | |||
- sharecropping system grows: | |||
> poor farmers, black and white, had to pay rent to farm land and loaned money for seeds and tools at high rates | |||
>> indebted them to the landowners | |||
- Plessy v. Ferguson, 1883 | |||
> court case that created “separate but equal” rule that legalized segregation (until 1950s, when overturned by Brown v. Board of Education, 1954) | |||
> overturned Civil Rights Act of 1875 that prohibited discrimination in public businesses and facilities | |||
Western frontier | |||
Indian Wars | |||
Railroads connect to the West | |||
- By 1890, ND, SK, WA, MT were states | |||
- Little Bighorn: Sioux tribes opposed western settlements; US Army sent to oppose them, leading to battle of Little Bighorn, which marked the end of Indian resistance to U.S. western expansion | |||
- Ghost Dance movement: Indian revivalist movement that preached liberation of Indians from US occupation | |||
- Wounded Knee: battle between Federal troops and Indians, many from the Ghost Dance movement, massacre of the Indians who resisted | |||
- railroads had connected the West to the East | |||
> “standardized time” adopted to manage rail schedules, leading to time zones | |||
- Note: Turner Frontier Thesis: a 20th century historian claimed that the “closing” of the frontier, i.e. filling up the country, changed America because the frontier had allowed the country to grow, promoted democracy and gave opportunity to people moving west; and that the “closing” of the frontier reduced those aspects | |||
Urbanization | |||
Immigration drives urban growth | |||
Political Machines in northern cities Growth of cites, especially New York | |||
- rail and trolly networks lead to and through cities = growth | |||
- immigration explodes: pay better in the U.S. than home countries | |||
> chain migration leads to ethnic neighborhoods | |||
> “tenements” = multi-family housing | |||
> immigrants compete with blacks for labor | |||
- “factory towns” > poor living conditions, reliance on the factories | |||
- Political bosses used immigrants for votes to control city governments | |||
> “political machines” | |||
> bosses provided services to residents in exchange for political support | |||
> “Boss Tweed” = corrupt NYC mayor, 1870s, finally jailed in 1878 | |||
>> Thomas Nast drew cartoons criticized Tweed & corruption | |||
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