US History timeline & concept chart: 1789-1860 Early Republic to Antebellum: Difference between revisions

US History timeline & concept chart: 1789-1860 Early Republic to Antebellum (view source)

Revision as of 13:23, 14 May 2021

5,322 bytes added , 14 May 2021

→‎1860s: Lincoln * Johnson administrations

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@@ Line 955: / Line 955: @@
 '''BIG IDEAS'''
 <big>'''subsection'''</big>
-* >>
+<br><br>
+Election of 1860
+Lincoln
+Republican Party
+Southern secession
+Civil War
+Lincoln war measures (shutting down press, draft, keeping the border states)
+Border states = key to Lincoln strategy
+Gettysburg Address:
+giving the War meaning:
+- self-government
+- freedom
+Civil War economic impact
+North wins in war and economics
+Southern economy in ruins
+Republican policies enacted
+CIVIL WAR ERA
+CONSTITUTIONAL AMMENDENTS
 <big>'''subsection'''</big>
 * >>
@@ Line 966: / Line 998: @@
 * >>details
-=== subheading
+=== Election of 1860 ===
-* >>details
+Lincoln position on slavery: no expansion but left where it was
+ >> but argued against slavery as unethical
+= argues against slavery but not its abolition
+  >> Southerners and northern abolitions don’t like Lincoln
+  >> southerners assume he is against slavery
+ >> abolitionists assume he is no strong on the issue
+- 4-way split election:
+ > Democratic party split between north (Douglas) Southern candidates (Breckenridge)
+ > the 4th candidate was a border-state, pro-Union, pro-slavery but anti-spread of slavery former Democrat, John Bell, who carried border states and Virginia
+> Lincoln won w/ mostly northern votes which gave him Electoral College majority
+   = clear winner
+ > South Carolina secedes, followed by others up to March 1861 when Lincoln took office
-=== subheading
+=== Civil War: Lincoln's policies
 * >>details
@@ Line 975: / Line 1,018: @@
 * >>details
 |- style="vertical-align:top;"
+Lincoln position on slavery: no expansion but left where it was
+ >> but argued against slavery as unethical
+= argues against slavery but not its abolition
+  >> Southerners and northern abolitions don’t like Lincoln
+  >> southerners assume he is against slavery
+ >> abolitionists assume he is no strong on the issue
+- 4-way split election:
+ > Democratic party split between north (Douglas) Southern candidates (Breckenridge)
+ > the 4th candidate was a border-state, pro-Union, pro-slavery but anti-spread of slavery former Democrat, John Bell, who carried border states and Virginia
+> Lincoln won w/ mostly northern votes which gave him Electoral College majority
+   = clear winner
+ > South Carolina secedes, followed by others up to March 1861 when Lincoln took office
+Lincoln positions during war
+- does not recognize secession
+- U.S. Gov will defend its properties
+ > Ft. Sumter = 1st battle of the war, off coast of Charleston, SC
+- War is about UNION
+Meaning of the War
+- to Southerners:
+ > felt they were defending Constitutional rights
+ > considered the North the aggressors
+- to Northerners
+ > many but not all were anti-slavery
+ > to save the Union
+ >> the question for Union: can a people rule themselves? (self-government)
+ >> Europeans looked upon Civil War as demonstration that democracy can’t work
+Both sides started with enthusiasm for war and expectation that it would be short
+Slavery
+- Lincoln’s position was originally that slavery should not be expanded
+ > but during the war, he used the issue as a wartime measure
+ > he did not ban slavery in loyal border states
+  >> to keep them loyal to the Union
+ > Emancipation Proclamation was huge diplomatic victory, as it made the conflict about slavery, so Europeans could not support the South
+  = Lincoln ended up using slavery as an issue to give purpose to the war
+Important Battles:
+- Antietam, 1862 = Union victory, gave Lincoln excuse to launch the Emancipation Proclamation (1862)
+ > freed slaves in states under rebellion
+ >> he previously abolished slavery in federal territories, including DC
+- Gettysburg, 1863
+ > along with losing control of the Mississippi River, Gettysburg ended the southern chances to win the war
+ > Lincoln used battlefield for Gettysburg Address, needed a big victory for impact
+- Lincoln moves the meaning of the war from just preserving the union and self-government to equality and ending slavery (liberty) in Gettysburg Address
+Why north wins?
+- bigger population, bigger army
+- industrial base
+- strategies >> Annaconda strategy << to isolate the south by controlling the coasts and Mississippi River (accomplished by Jul 1863)
+Partisans:
+- many Democrats in north are anti-war (Esp. immigrant areas, NYC riots)
+ >>critical of Lincoln’s wartime measures to block bad press
+Radical Republicans – block of senators who are strongly anti-slavery
+  > criticize Lincoln for not doing enough
+- south destroyed
+- industrialization in north
+  < ex,. Andrew Carnegie steel industry titan, gained fortune in Civil War
+- railroads expand:
+  > transcontinental railroad
+ > the country is more connected
+ (markets, politics, economics)
+- urbanization
+- presidential powers enhanced
+> esp via enforcement of Constitutional Amendments and Civil Rights Laws
+- with the South in rebellion, the Northern states could enact legislation they had been unable to pass otherwise, including:
+- Transcontinental Railroad via the northern route (Pacific Railroad Act, 1862)
+- Homestead Act (1862) that gave 160 acres to “homesteaders” who agreed to stay on the land for 5 years (ie, not sell it)
+ >> Morrill Land-Grant Act was part of this legislation: gave proceeds of federal land sales to states for building of state colleges
+- Confiscation Acts, which allowed for taking property of anyone in rebellion and freeing their slaves
+- Freedman’s bureau: to lease lands to freed slaves
+. Outlawed slavery
+.  a. Citizenship for former slaves
+        b. Protect “privileges & immunities” and “due process”
+        c. Equal Protection for all citizens
+. Voting rights for black men
 |}