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Parts of speech: Difference between revisions

(→‎adverbs: started)
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== prepositions ==
== prepositions ==
* express relationship in time, place, or sequence
* express relationship in time, place, or sequence
* prepositions add information to a sentence  
* add information to a sentence  
* prepositions are dependent clauses, so are separated from a main or dominant clause by a comma
* can relate other word forms to one another, including nouns (usually), adjectives, and verbs
click EXPAND for list of prepositions:
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Quick list of (single word) prepositions
|-
| across || after || among
|-
| before || behind || beneath
|-
|by || down || during
|-
| from || in || into
|-
| of || off || on
|-
| over || past || since
|-
| throughout || to || toward/s
|-
| under ||until || up
|-
| upon || with || within/out
|-
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Quick list of (single word) phrases that act as a single-word preposition
|-
| according to || as of || ahead of
|-
| aside from|| at the risk of || by means of
|-
| except for || in addition to || in case of
|-
| next to|| on top of || up against
|-
|}
</div>
=== Overlap of prepositions and adverbs and prepositions and subordinating conjunctions ===
* some words operate or "overlap" in their grammatical roles
* as a preposition and an adverb:
** = "intransitive preposition"
** = prepositions may or may not define a "noun phrase" (which prepositions would normally accompany)
*** note:
**** transitive verb = must be accompanied by an object
**** intransitive verb = does not need an object ("I feel happy")
**** so intransitive prepositions do not need a noun or noun phrase
* most dictionaries qualify intransitive prepositions as adverbs, such as "abroad," "now," "until"
** ex. of intransitive preposition: "They went ahead" or "The dog is outside"
*** with a noun these would be more clearly prepositions: "They went ahead of the others" or "The dog is outside the fence"
* as a preposition and a subordinating conjunction
** = a "conjunctive preposition"
** "I got my license before last year" (before= preposition that defines when "I went to school")
** vs.: "I got my license before last year ended" (before = combines "I got my license" and "last year ended" and defines which came first)
*** we can view "before" as subordinating the phrase, "last year ended," which is technically a complete thought and sentence
*** however, since "before" is defining the "when," which is a core function of a preposition, we can call it one, or call it a "conjunctive preposition" when also acting as a [https://school4schools.com/wiki/index.php?title=Grammar#subordinating_conjunctions subordinating conjunction].
 
*** ''like'' also operates as both preposition and conjunction
 
=== Overlap of prepositions and adverbs and prepositions and subordinating conjunctions ===
* some words operate or "overlap" in their grammatical roles
* as a preposition and a subordinating conjunction:
** "I got my license before last year" (before= preposition that defines when "I went to school")
** vs.: "I got my license before last year ended" (before = combines "I got my license" and "last year ended" and defines which came first)
*** ''like'' also operates as both preposition and conjunction
 
 
 
 
== types of phrases created by parts of speech ===
=== prepositional phrase ===
* when a preposition requires additional information to follow (called a "complement")
started by a preposition and contains additional information
*
are dependent clauses, so are separated from a main or dominant clause by a comma


== interjections ==
== interjections ==