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Ancient Egypt: Difference between revisions
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*** 14th Dynasty was likely Canaanite rulers | *** 14th Dynasty was likely Canaanite rulers | ||
*** ruled the Delta concurrently with part of the 13th Dynasty | *** ruled the Delta concurrently with part of the 13th Dynasty | ||
** the 13th | ** the 13th & 14th Dynasties are generally considered the last of the Middle Kingdom | ||
** | ** 14th dynasty may also be seen as beginning of the Second Intermediate Period | ||
* end of Middle Kingdom | * end of Middle Kingdom | ||
** possible droughts and crop failures contributed to decline | ** possible droughts and crop failures contributed to decline | ||
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** 12th dynasty declined and had succession problems | ** 12th dynasty declined and had succession problems | ||
** series of unrelated rulers (power exchanged, fought over) | ** series of unrelated rulers (power exchanged, fought over) | ||
** Hyksos invasion -- migration, settlement (conquest?) of Nile Delta leads to collapse of 13th dynasty and the Middle Kingdom | ** Hyksos invasion -- migration, settlement (conquest?) of Nile Delta leads to final collapse of 13th dynasty and the Middle Kingdom | ||
=== Hyksos invasion === | === Hyksos invasion === | ||
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** Hyksos culture absorbed into stronger Egyptian culture: language, religion (take on Seth as primary god) | ** Hyksos culture absorbed into stronger Egyptian culture: language, religion (take on Seth as primary god) | ||
** Hyksos rule becomes Egyptian | ** Hyksos rule becomes Egyptian | ||
** Hyksos absorbed into Egyptian culture, but Egypt now culturally connected to and influenced by Levant peoples ( | ** Hyksos absorbed into Egyptian culture, but Egypt now culturally connected to and influenced by Levant peoples (eastern coast of Mediterranean Sea) | ||
* primary source references: | * primary source references: | ||
** see [http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/merikare_papyrus.htm The Instruction of Merikare] for primary source indiciation of "Asiatic" invasions and settlements in Lower Egypt | ** see [http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/merikare_papyrus.htm The Instruction of Merikare] for primary source indiciation of "Asiatic" invasions and settlements in Lower Egypt | ||
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===Second Intermediate Period=== | ===Second Intermediate Period=== | ||
* 1674 - 1549 BC (sometimes 1535 BC) | * 1674 - 1549 BC (sometimes 1535 BC) | ||
* period between final collapse of Middle Kingdom 14th | * period between final collapse of Middle Kingdom 13th & 14th dynasties and rise of New Kingdom 18th Dynasty | ||
* 15th, 16th, & 17th dynasties | * 15th, 16th, & 17th dynasties | ||
** 15th & 16th dynasties = Hyksos rule of Lower Egypt | ** 15th & 16th dynasties = Hyksos rule of Lower Egypt | ||