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Ancient Egypt was divided into two principal regions with smaller districts between them:
Ancient Egypt was divided into two principal regions with smaller districts between them:
* Lower Egypt  
* Lower Egypt  
** = "lower" for downstream (northern portion of Egypt)
** = northern portion, consisting mostly of the Nile Delta
** = Nile Delta region
** "downstream" thus "lower"
** called by Egyptians "Ta-Mehu" for "land of papyrus"
* Upper Egypt
*** topography mostly swampy grassland  
** = southern portion, from the cataracts (waterfalls) to the Nile Delta
*** fertile land
** "upstream" thus "upper"
*** Nile breaks into multiple rivers:
 
**** Pliny the Elder (N.H. 5.11) identified seven branches (from east to west): the Pelusiac, the Tanitic, the Mendesian, the Phatnitic, the Sebennytic, the Bolbitine, and the Canopic (source: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Egypt Lower Egypt] wikipedia entry)
* Click EXPAND for details on Upper and Lower Egypt
*** flooding spread across the Delta
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
** consisted of 20 nomes
'''Lower Egypt'''
*** traditional capital = Memphis (located at the "funnel" point of the Delta)
* = "lower" for downstream (northern portion of Egypt)
*** Lower Egypt crown = "Deshret" (red crown)
* = Nile Delta region
* Upper Egypt  
* called by Egyptians "Ta-Mehu" for "land of papyrus"
** = "upper" for upstream (southern portion of Egypt)
* topography mostly swampy grassland  
** = from cataracts to the Delta
** fertile land
** called by Egyptians "Ta Shemau" for "the land of reeds"
* at the Delta, the Nile breaks into multiple rivers:
** consisted of 22 nomes
** Pliny the Elder (N.H. 5.11) identified seven branches (from east to west): the Pelusiac, the Tanitic, the Mendesian, the Phatnitic, the Sebennytic, the Bolbitine, and the Canopic (source: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Egypt Lower Egypt] wikipedia entry)
*** traditional capitals = Hierakonpolis (Nekhen), Thinis, and Thebes
* flooding spreads across the Delta
*** Upper Egypt crown = "Hedjet" (white crown)
* the Delta consisted of 20 nomes (pre-pharaonic independent kingdoms)
* traditional capital = Memphis  
** located at the "funnel" point of the Delta
* Lower Egypt crown = "Deshret" (red crown)
'''Upper Egypt'''
* = "upper" for upstream (southern portion of Egypt)
* = from cataracts to the Delta
* called by Egyptians "Ta Shemau" for "the land of reeds"
* consisted of 22 nomes
** traditional capitals = Hierakonpolis (Nekhen), Thinis, and Thebes
* Upper Egypt crown = "Hedjet" (white crown)
* Nubia and the Kush = regions South of Egypt
* Nubia and the Kush = regions South of Egypt
* Western Desert =  arid desert with isolated oases that forms eastern portion of Libyan Desert
* Western Desert =  arid desert with isolated oases that forms eastern portion of Libyan Desert
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* Fayoum = large oasis just West of the Nile that was fed by the Nile during floods and with canals
* Fayoum = large oasis just West of the Nile that was fed by the Nile during floods and with canals
* Sinai peninsula = arid land that bridges Africa and Asia to the east of the Nile Delta
* Sinai peninsula = arid land that bridges Africa and Asia to the east of the Nile Delta
</div>


===Natural Resources===
===Natural Resources===
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