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'''Transition Words''' | '''Transition Words''' | ||
* this entry supports the [[SAT Digital Reading and Writing Test quick start guide]] | |||
** as well as the old paper test [[SAT Writing section techniques, strategies & approaches|SAT Writing]] section | |||
* "transition words" are sometimes referred to as "linking words" | |||
** linking words connect thoughts or sentences. | |||
* their grammatical forms are | |||
** '''conjunctive adverbs''' | |||
*** such as ''however, nevertheless, anyway'', etc. | |||
** '''adverbial prepositional phrases''' | |||
*** such as "at any rate," "in the meantime" | |||
* the key to "transition words" is to think of them as | |||
** combining (conjunctive) ideas (sentence predicates) for | |||
*** chronology | |||
*** contradiction | |||
*** example | |||
*** explanation | |||
*** extension | |||
*** negation | |||
*** sequence | |||
* transition words are a writing technique to move ideas along | |||
== General Characteristic of Transition Words == | == General Characteristic of Transition Words == | ||
*consider: | |||
** does it support (POSITIVE) | ** does it support (POSITIVE) | ||
** or does it contradict (NEGATIVE) | *** including if it indicates a sequence or chronology | ||
** does it contradict (NEGATIVE) | |||
** does it move on from or change the topic (NEUTRAL) | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: | {| class="wikitable" style="width: 75%;" | ||
|cell style="width: 50%" | '''POSITIVE''' ||cell style="width: 50%" |'''NEGATIVE''' | |cell style="width: 50%" | '''POSITIVE''' ||cell style="width: 50%" |'''NEGATIVE''' | ||
|'''NEUTRAL''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| expands || contrasts | | expands || contrasts | ||
|adds side-information | |||
|- | |- | ||
| explains || contradicts | | explains || contradicts | ||
|defers to another idea | |||
|- | |- | ||
| restates || states an opposite | | restates || states an opposite | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| adds information|| offers alternative | | adds information|| offers alternative | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|gives example|| Says "yes... but" | |gives example|| Says "yes... but" | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|compares|| | |compares|| | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| draws a conclusion from || | | draws a conclusion from || | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | chronological or creates a sequence || | ||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
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|cell style="width: 25%"| '''TRANSITION WORD''' ||cell style="width: 50%" |'''TRANSLATION(s) / SYNONYMS''' | |cell style="width: 25%"| '''TRANSITION WORD''' ||cell style="width: 50%" |'''TRANSLATION(s) / SYNONYMS''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | accordingly || as a result, consequently, hence, therefore, thus; may also mean "correspondingly" or "for this reason" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | additionally / in addition / in addition to / additionally || also, as well, furthermore, moreover | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | afterward || next, subsequently, then | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | also || additionally, as well, furthermore, moreover; may also mean "equally" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | as a result || accordingly, consequently, correspondingly, hence, therefore; | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | as a rule || generally, normally, ordinarily, usually | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | as such || "if so, then"; by definition, essentially | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | at any rate || "well, any way..." | ||
|- | |||
|better | |||
|"even better", "what's even better" | |||
|- | |||
|by the same token | |||
|in the same way, for the same reasons | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | consequently || accordingly, as a result, correspondingly, hence, therefore | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | finally || eventually, at the end, in conclusion | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | for || "having a purpose", a reason (note: "for" is a preposition, so it is more likely to be used as "for this reason") | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | for example || for instance, like, such as | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | for instance || as an example, for example, such as | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | for these reasons || because, because of, due to, since | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | fortunately || "good thing that"; happily, luckily, thankfully | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | furthermore || additionally, also, as well, moreover | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | hence || accordingly, consequently, for this reason, that being the case, therefore, thus | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | in broad terms || generally, in a larger sense, loosely speaking, overall | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | in conclusion || to sum up, finally | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | in effect || effectively, essentially, for all practical purposes, practically | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | in fact || "as a matter of fact", "that is to say" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | in other words || "explained differently", "in simple terms" | ||
|- | |||
|in particular | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | in short || "to summarize", overall | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | indeed || "as a matter of fact", actually | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | like || for instance, likewise, similar to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | likewise || "by the same token," like, similarly, the same as | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | moreover || additionally, as well, furthermore | ||
|- | |||
|nextly, secondly, thirdly, etc. | |||
|= additional points or examples | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | similarly || comparably, correspondingly, likewise | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | specifically || particularly, precisely | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | subsequently || after, next, then, thereafter, thereupon | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | then || after, next, thereafter, thereupon, subsequently | ||
|- | |||
|thereafter | |||
|subsequently, ever since, "as a result of" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| therefore || accordingly, as a result, consequently, hence, thus | |||
|- | |||
| to these ends / to that end || "for that reason", "in order to [accomplish that] | |||
|- | |||
|to wit | |||
|more precisely, in other words | |||
|- | |||
| thus || accordingly, as a result, consequently, hence, therefore | |||
|- | |||
|what is | |||
|additionally, furthermore | |||
|- | |||
|what's more | |||
|technically a noun clause, but used to indicate additional information | |||
|} | |} | ||
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|cell style="width: 25%"| '''TRANSITION WORD''' ||cell style="width: 50%" |'''TRANSLATION(s) / SYNONYMS''' | |cell style="width: 25%"| '''TRANSITION WORD''' ||cell style="width: 50%" |'''TRANSLATION(s) / SYNONYMS''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |actually | ||
|but, contrarily, etc. | |||
|- | |||
| alternatively || on the other hand, conversely, in contrast | |||
|- | |||
| although || despite the fact, even though, however, not withstanding, while; could also represent an objection or caveat | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | at any rate || anyhow, anyway, in any event, nevertheless | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | at the same time || even so, meanwhile | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | besides || apart from, aside from, not including, on top of that; may also mean "except for" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | by contrast || compared to, next to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | conversely || alternatively, on the other hand | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | despite / despite this || even so, "ignoring that," in spite of, regardless of, though, "without being affected by"; also may mean "in contrast to" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | however || although, but, even so, though, still, yet | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | in any case || whatever happens, anyway | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | in contrast || by comparison, conversely, the opposite | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | instead || alternatively, rather, in place of | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | meanwhile || for the time being, for now | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | nevertheless || "still" or "yes, but"; at any rate, anyhow, anyway, in any event, nonetheless, regardless, yet | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | nonetheless || "yes, but"; in spite of, nevertheless, regardless, yet | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | on one hand / on the other hand || = suggests a contrast | ||
|- | |||
|otherwise | |||
|"apart from that," instead, "if not then...", | |||
|- | |||
|rather | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | regardless || anyway, all the same, despite just the same, nevertheless, still | ||
|- | |||
|still | |||
|even so, all the same, nevertheless, regardless, "yes, but" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | though || anyhow, despite, even though, "for all that" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | whatever || "at all" (as in "whatever good it does") | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | whether || = sets up a comparison or contrast ("whether or not i go...") | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | while || whereas (a contrast) | ||
|- | |||
|worse | |||
|"what is worse...", "even worse" | |||
|- | |||
| yet || although, even so, however, just the same, in spite of, nevertheless, nonetheless, still | |||
|} | |||
=== Neutral Transition Word Translations === | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 75%;" | |||
| style="width: 25%" cell | '''TRANSITION WORD''' || style="width: 50%" cell |'''TRANSLATION(s) / SYNONYMS''' | |||
|- | |||
| anyway || whatever, let's move on... ("anyway" may be a negative or neutral change in subject) | |||
|- | |||
|granted | |||
|assuming that, even if... (''can be negative, positive or neutral'' ) | |||
|- | |||
|incendentally | |||
|in another matter, on the side (= unrelated but at the same time) | |||
|- | |||
|meanwhile | |||
|as in "something else is happening..." | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | no matter || as in "doesn't matter" | ||
|- | |||
|whatever | |||
|as in "nevermind that," "anyway" ... defers the idea | |||
|} | |||
=== Chronological Transition Word Translations === | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 75%;" | |||
| style="width: 25%" cell | '''TRANSITION WORD''' || style="width: 50%" cell |'''TRANSLATION(s) / SYNONYMS''' | |||
|- | |||
| after / afterwards || | |||
|- | |||
|before / beforehand | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|earlier | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|finally | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|first / firstly | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|lastly | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|later | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|next | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|second / secondly | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|subsequently | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|then | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
== Alternative Categorizations of Transition Words == | == Alternative Categorizations of Transition Words == | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: | Other ways of thinking about transition words include: | ||
|cell style="width: 50%" | '''CATEGORY ''' ||cell style="width: | [[Category:SAT Writing]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 75%;" | |||
|cell style="width: 50%" | '''CATEGORY ''' ||cell style="width: 80%" |'''EXAMPLES''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Chronology or sequence|| finally, meanwhile, suddenly | | Chronology or sequence|| ''finally, meanwhile, next, suddenly'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Location or relation|| alongside, beyond, further | | Location or relation|| ''alongside, beyond, further'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Example or illustration || for example, for this reason, in other words, in this case, in particular (some are | | Example or illustration || ''for example, for this reason, in other words, in this case, in particular (some are similar to causal transition words)'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Agreement, affirmation || in fact, | | Agreement, affirmation, emphasis || ''and, also, clearly, equally importantly, especially, furthermore, importantly, in fact, indeed, moreover, undoubtedly'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Comparison: positive (similarity) || as well, likewise, similarly, | | Comparison: positive (similarity) || ''as well, likewise, similarly,'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Comparison: negative (contrast, contradiction) || despite, even though, on the other hand | | Comparison: negative (contrast, contradiction) || ''despite, even though, however, nevertheless, on the other hand, while, yet'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Cause, purpose, intention || because of, in order to, since | | Cause, purpose, intention || ''because of, in order to, since'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Effect or result || accordingly, consequently, for the purpose of, in order to, owing to, since, therefore | | Effect or result || ''accordingly, as a result, consequently, due to, for the purpose of, hence, in order to, owing to, since, so, therefore'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Conclusion || all things considered, in general, overall, ultimately | | Conclusion || ''all things considered, finally, in conclusion, in general, overall, to summarize, ultimately'' | ||
|} | |||
[[Category:SAT Reading]] | |||
[[Category:SAT verbal]] | |||
[[Category:SAT digital test]] |