AP US History vocabulary list: Difference between revisions

* Jefferson Davis

<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Dred Scott decision|1857 written by Chief Justice Roger Taney of Maryland, the decision held that Scott, a slave who sued for freedom when his owner took him from the slave state Missouri to Illinois; Taney ruled that blacks are not citizens and thereby have no constitutional protections; the decision also invalidated the Missouri Compromise, stating that it violated slave owners' property rights; the Taney Court thought the ruling would settle the problem of slavery, but it instead inflamed it}}</ul>

<ul><li>{{#tip-text:John Brown| a radical puritan and abolitionist from Connecticut who had the messianic belief that he was an instrument of God to free the slaves; he was a prominent agitator in "Bleeding Kansas" of the late 1850s to oppose expansion of slavery there; in 1859 he led the raid on Harpers Ferry (see below) to seize weapons and start a slave rebellion; Brown became famous for his raid and inspired hatred and resentment in the south and anti-slave fervor in the north; Union soldiers frequently sang "John Brown's Body" while they marched during the war}}</ul></li>

** EVs: 12

=== Events ===

* Ft. Sumter | location of the first hostilities between the north and south on April 12, 1861, and was the trigger for the remainder of southern states to secede; the fort was located on an island at the entrance to the Charleston, SC harbor; it was considerable but incompletely built; Federal forces moved there from another more vulnerable island fort for better protection; SC demanded the forces surrender, but President Buchanan refused and tried to reinforce it; later, Lincoln sent warships to reinforce it, but on April 12 the Southern forces began a bombardment and the Union forces surrendered and evacuated the next day

* Gettysburg

<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Harper's Ferry| Oct 1859, radical abolitionist John Brown led an attack on a federal military arsenal (supplies, guns) at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, along the Potomac River north of Washington, DC. Brown and his 21followers hoped to start a slave rebellion; he was caught by US Marines, including Robert E. Lee; Brown was arrested and hung by the state of Virginia; southerners claimed that Brown's raid was a "natural, inevitable result" of Republican politics; Republicans denounced the raid, although radical abolitionists were thrilled, such as transcendentalist poet Ralph Waldo Emerson who called him a "saint awaiting his martyrdom"}}<li> Lincoln’s pre-war stance on slavery</li></ul>

<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Sherman’s March| Nov-Dec 1864; also called "The March to the Sea"; after taking Atlanta, GA, Union General Tecumseh Sherman marched his army to Savannah, GA, destroying railways, supplies and supply routes, and plundering plantations and towns, called "scorched earth" campaign; considered punitive, the raid created great resentment in the South, while at the same time bolstering Union enthusiasm for the victories of Sherman's army; On Dec 26, Sherman sent a telegram to Lincoln offering Savannah as a "Christmas gift"; in Jan. 1865, Sherman headed North through the Carolinas, using the same scorched earth tactics}}<li>states rights</ul>

U.S. Grant