4,962
edits
AP US History vocabulary list: Difference between revisions
m
→Economics
m (→Social reform) |
m (→Economics) |
||
| Line 1,080: | Line 1,080: | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:labor theory of value| a theory promoted by labor union organizers that the workers should profit from the goods they produce more than the owners of the factories}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:labor theory of value| a theory promoted by labor union organizers that the workers should profit from the goods they produce more than the owners of the factories}}</ul></li> | ||
* land speculation | * land speculation | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Francis Cabot Lowell| American industrialists who toured English factories in 1811 and implemented their designs in US factories; American mechanic Paul Moody improved on those designs, which Lowell and his partners used to build textile factories in Waltham MA;}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:machine tools| an industry that specialized in making machines and tools for use in other factories; these industries became expert at mechanical production, especially using metals}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:machine tools| an industry that specialized in making machines and tools for use in other factories; these industries became expert at mechanical production, especially using metals}}</ul></li> | ||
* market revolution | | * market revolution | | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:mineral-based economy| into the 1830s, the growing use of coal to power mills and factories supplemented the need for water mills; growing mining expertise and use of "furnaces" (smelters to melt metals) led to production of metals and metal-based items, including machines, household goods, etc.}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:mineral-based economy| into the 1830s, the growing use of coal to power mills and factories supplemented the need for water mills; growing mining expertise and use of "furnaces" (smelters to melt metals) led to production of metals and metal-based items, including machines, household goods, etc.}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text: | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:Samuel Slater| | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:middling class| 19th century term for what today we call the "middle class"; made up of farmers, artisans, mechanics, merchants, surveyors, lawyers, the "middling class" constituted about 30% of antebellum society; as these professions prospered, the middling class became important parts of the overall economy for production and consumption, especially of consumer goods, houses, carriages, etc.}}/ul></li> | * Cyrus McCormick | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:middling class| 19th century term for what today we call the "middle class"; made up of farmers, artisans, mechanics, merchants, surveyors, lawyers, the "middling class" constituted about 30% of antebellum society; as these professions prospered, the middling class became important parts of the overall economy for production and consumption, especially of consumer goods, houses, carriages, etc.}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:self-made man| a term for someone who rises from poverty or the working class to build his own business or profession; the "self-made man" was a democratic ideal of the idea that all men are created equal and can thus be whatever they want to be}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:self-made man| a term for someone who rises from poverty or the working class to build his own business or profession; the "self-made man" was a democratic ideal of the idea that all men are created equal and can thus be whatever they want to be}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Samuel Slater| English mechanic who in 1789 immigrated to the United States, bringing with him textile machinery and manufacturing techniques that were adopted by cotton mills in Rhode Island and, alter, elsewhere; Slater's importance, along with Francis Lowell, who also brought British industrial techniques to the US, is that he helped American factories compete with those of the British}}</ul></il> | |||
* stock market | * stock market | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:transportation revolution| before canals, roads and railroads, cities and commerce were dependent on useful natural routes, such as rivers, coastlines and natural paths; canals connected larger waterways; developed roads created more efficient paths across land, and railroads created the ability to move large loads across the land; these developments connected markets, attracted investment and development of land, and fueled the economic, political and demographic growth of the nation}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:unions| or "trade unions"; unions are workers, especially in factories, who organize as a group in order to negotiate with employers and to provide benefits for their own members; antebellum unionization was not extensive, and only important in industrial New England}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:unions| or "trade unions"; unions are workers, especially in factories, who organize as a group in order to negotiate with employers and to provide benefits for their own members; antebellum unionization was not extensive, and only important in industrial New England}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:unskilled worker| workers earn low wages for work that does not require training for particular skills}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:unskilled worker| workers earn low wages for work that does not require training for particular skills}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Waltham-Lowell System| | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:Waltham-Lowell System| Francis Lowell's textile mill in Waltham MA improved upon English textile machine designs to increase efficiency, and, then, Lowell reduced cost of labor by employing young women as workers in his large textile mills; most women came from farms, and took the jobs under the assurance that the factories would care for them with oversight over behaviors and mandatory church attendance; starting in 1820s in Boston, the system spread to other factories in MA and NH ; the system provided a degree of independence to these young women, as well as to earn money for their families}}</ul></li> | ||
* Eli Whitney | |||
=== Slavery === | === Slavery === | ||