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AP US History vocabulary list: Difference between revisions
building out antebellum section
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=== Era of Good Feelings === | === Era of Good Feelings === | ||
* Alexis de Tocqueville | * Alexis de Tocqueville | ||
* Democracy in America | * Democracy in America | ||
* 50th Anniversary of the Declaration of | * 50th Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence | ||
* LaFayette tour | * LaFayette tour | ||
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== Antebellum period == | == Antebellum period == | ||
* | "Antebellum" means "before war", i.e. period before or leading up to the Civil War | ||
* | |||
=== Antebellum people === | |||
* John Quincy Adams | |||
* John Calhoun | |||
* Henry Clay | |||
* Andrew Jackson | |||
* Martin Van Buren | |||
* Daniel Webster | |||
=== Jacksonian period === | === Jacksonian period === | ||
<div style="column-count:2"> | <div style="column-count:2"> | ||
* Bank War | * Bank War | ||
* Corrupt Bargain | * Corrupt Bargain | ||
* Force Bill | * Force Bill | ||
* Jacksonian democracy | * Jacksonian democracy | ||
* Indian Removal Act | * Indian Removal Act | ||
* Nullification Crisis | * Nullification Crisis | ||
* Petticoat affair | * Petticoat affair | ||
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* Tariff of 1833 | * Tariff of 1833 | ||
* Trail of Tears | * Trail of Tears | ||
* Worcester v. Georgia | * Worcester v. Georgia | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
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------------------- | ------------------- | ||
<div style="column-count:2"> | |||
=== Antebellum Events, people, politics === | |||
* Gadsden Purchase | |||
* Gold Rush of 1849 | |||
* Know Nothings | |||
* manifest destiny | |||
* Mexican American War | |||
* Republic of Texas | |||
* sectionalism | |||
* Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo | |||
=== Economics === | |||
* cotton gin | |||
* land speculation | |||
* National Bank | |||
=== Slavery === | |||
* abolition/ abolitionism/ abolitionist | |||
* American Anti-Slavery Society|startinged in 1830s, dedicated to ending slavery; the Society held conventions and published literature and pamphlets, which it distributed across the South in the "great postal campaign" of 1835; in 1840 William Lloyd Garrison insisted that the Society embrace the cause of women's rights, which divided the movement}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:amalgamation|means racial mixing and intermarriage, which most whites across the country opposed; "amalgamation" is the same as "miscegenation"; note that "anti-miscegenation" laws remained in effect in some southern states until the 1960s}}</ul></li> | |||
* emancipation | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:gag rule|in 1836 the House of Representatives adopted a rule that "tabled" (set aside) any anti-slavery proposals; it remained in force until 1844}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Fugitive Slave Act of 1793|empowered slave owners and bounty hunters to seize even suspected runaway slaves and return them to slavery}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:manumission|the act of freeing a slave}}</ul></li> | |||
* Nat Turner's Rebellion|1831 | |||
* Uncle Tom’s Cabin | |||
* Underground Railroad | |||
=== Anti-slavery activists/ people === | |||
* Frederic Douglas | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:William Lloyd Garrison|prominent abolitionist and anti-slavery publisher of the "Genius of Universal Emancipation" in Baltimore in the 1820s and of "The Liberator" in Boston from 1831-1865; Garrison held that abolitionists should not obey the US Constitution's implicit protections of slavery and the Constitution was thereby invalid; Garrison helped found the American Anti-Slavery Society; Garrison extended his activism to include "universal emancipation," which was to include equal political rights for women and to abolish prisons and war}}</ul></li> | |||
* Grimke sisters|Angelina and Sarah Grimke, who with Theodore Weld investigated and publicized the treatment and conditions of slaves in the South; | |||
* Sojourner Truth | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Theodore Weld|early abolitionist who with the Grimke sisters investigated and published on the horrible conditions of slaves and their treatment; Weld helped organize the American Anti-Slavery Society}}</ul></li> | |||
===Social reform === | === Social reform === | ||
* | By the 1840s, various reform movements arose, some of which combined or overlapped, such as women's rights and abolitionism (not all abolitionists supported women's rights, or in the same way). Other movements included religious and quasi-religious social movements, as well as artistic and literary movements, that reflected the spirit of reform and social and political transformation. These included the Second Great Awakening, Mormonism and other religious cults, and transcendentalism. | ||
* Note that certain Christian ideology deeply influenced these movements, as well as abolition | |||
* See also section above on Slavery | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:cult of domesticity|a term used by historians to describe changes in the role and ideals of women in families in the 19th century; the "true woman" (historians' term, not from the period) was the center of the family: wife and mother dedicated to family, purity, religious piety, and submission to her husband; note that in this view at the time, women were not to speak publicly about politics much less agitate for the vote (see "separate sphere"; over the 19th century, middle class white women (not farmers) began to have fewer children (indicating advances in medicine and health care), which allowed them more personal time which could be spent on outside activities such as church, charities, clubs, etc.}}</ul></li> | |||
* Declaration of Sentiments | * Declaration of Sentiments | ||
* Philadelphia Women's Anti-Slavery Convention | * Philadelphia Women's Anti-Slavery Convention | ||
* Seneca Falls Convention | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:separate sphere|the idea that women were to confine their activities to the domestic and not public life, especially that they not engage in politics and public demonstrations}}</ul></li> | |||
* suffrage | |||
* Temperance movement|anti-alcohol reform movement, which aimed to abolish use of alcohol or at least restrict its sale; "temperance" means moderation and self-restraint; the temperance movement was driven especially by certain religious denominations}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Treatise on Domestic Economy, 1841|by Catharine Beecher, a book on the "domestic economy" and how women should run their households with efficiency and "domesticity"}}</ul></li> | |||
* | === Women's rights advocates === | ||
* Elizabeth Cady Stanton | |||
=== Transcendentalism/ Second Great Awakening === | |||
* Henry David Thoreau | |||
* Hudson Valley artistic movement | |||
* Naturalism | |||
* Second Great Awakening | * Second Great Awakening | ||
* transcendentalism | * transcendentalism | ||
* Walden Pond | * Walden Pond | ||
* Ralph Waldo Emerson | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
------------------- | ------------------- | ||
=== | === pre-Civil War === | ||
The Antebellum period goes all the way to the Civil War, however in the 1850s decade leading up to the Civil War, events accelerated and more direct causes for the War become apparent | |||
<div style="column-count:2"> | <div style="column-count:2"> | ||
* American Party | * American Party | ||
* Bloody Kansas | * Bloody Kansas | ||
* Compromise of 1850 | * Compromise of 1850 | ||
* Jefferson Davis | * Jefferson Davis | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Dred Scott decision|1857 written by Chief Justice Roger Taney of Maryland, the decision held that Scott, a slave who sued for freedom when his owner took him from the slave state Missouri to Illinois; Taney ruled that blacks are not citizens and thereby have no constitutional protections; the decision also invalidated the Missouri Compromise, stating that it violated slave owners' property rights; the Taney Court thought the ruling would settle the problem of slavery, but it instead inflamed it}}</ul> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:Dred Scott decision|1857 written by Chief Justice Roger Taney of Maryland, the decision held that Scott, a slave who sued for freedom when his owner took him from the slave state Missouri to Illinois; Taney ruled that blacks are not citizens and thereby have no constitutional protections; the decision also invalidated the Missouri Compromise, stating that it violated slave owners' property rights; the Taney Court thought the ruling would settle the problem of slavery, but it instead inflamed it}}</ul> | ||
* John Brown | * John Brown | ||
* Kansas-Nebraska Act | * Kansas-Nebraska Act | ||
* Lincoln-Douglas Debates | * Lincoln-Douglas Debates | ||
* popular sovereignty | * popular sovereignty | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||