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AP US History vocabulary list: Difference between revisions
→American Revolution general terms
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<ul><li>{{#tip-text:ABC Boards|American Board of Customs, "commissioners" created by the Commissioners of Customs Act 1767 and appointed by the powerful London Board of Trade, who enforced customs and other tax collections; notoriously corrupt, customs officials were targets of American ire and at times violence; the British government struggled to control colonial trade, especially stopping smuggling, which is simply trade of goods without paying duties; whenever trade rules were enforced, it outraged colonists; from the British point of view, the taxes were for the benefit of the colonists, as they funded colonial operations}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:ABC Boards|American Board of Customs, "commissioners" created by the Commissioners of Customs Act 1767 and appointed by the powerful London Board of Trade, who enforced customs and other tax collections; notoriously corrupt, customs officials were targets of American ire and at times violence; the British government struggled to control colonial trade, especially stopping smuggling, which is simply trade of goods without paying duties; whenever trade rules were enforced, it outraged colonists; from the British point of view, the taxes were for the benefit of the colonists, as they funded colonial operations}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Boston Massacre|}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:Boston Massacre|}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Boston Tea Party|}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:Boston Tea Party|}}</ul></li> | ||
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<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Stamp Act Congress|nine colonial assemblies sent delegates to protest the encroachment of "rights and liberties", especially trial by jury}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:Stamp Act Congress|nine colonial assemblies sent delegates to protest the encroachment of "rights and liberties", especially trial by jury}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Vice admiralty courts|judicial courts of the British Navy with jurisdiction over colonial legal matters regarding shipping, customs, smuggling, and other maritime-related activities; "vice" because they were beneath the general "Admiralty Court" of Great Britain; as Parliament imposed new regulations, the Vice admiralty courts were charged with enforcement, including over affairs not previously considered maritime-related; this was especially offensice to the colonists because they had no say in selection of Admiralty court judges, there were usually no juries, and the burden of proof was upon the accused, not the Court, all of which they considered a violation of their rights}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:Vice admiralty courts|judicial courts of the British Navy with jurisdiction over colonial legal matters regarding shipping, customs, smuggling, and other maritime-related activities; "vice" because they were beneath the general "Admiralty Court" of Great Britain; as Parliament imposed new regulations, the Vice admiralty courts were charged with enforcement, including over affairs not previously considered maritime-related; this was especially offensice to the colonists because they had no say in selection of Admiralty court judges, there were usually no juries, and the burden of proof was upon the accused, not the Court, all of which they considered a violation of their rights}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Vice admiralty court|Naval judicial courts that acted independently of colonial authority; Vice admiralty courts were used to enforce taxes, and were hated by the colonists who felt that they were unjust and did not allow for "judgment of peers", which is the basis of the jury system; the advantage of these courts for the British was that they operated under military and not civil law, and were thus outside of normal legal processes of civilian judges and juries}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:virtual representation|the British idea that the colonies were represented "virtually," or in essence, by Parliament and without "direct" representation; following the Stamp Act, Benjamin Franklin argued for representation in Parliament: "If you chuse to tax us, give us Members in your Legislature and let us be one People." A core problem with representation was that the proprietary colonial landowners traditionally resided in London and therefore managed their colonial affairs from there, with direct influence in Parliament; Lonodon-based Caribbean plantation owners and merchants, especially, argued against direct representation, as "virtual representation" gave them more control over the colonies}}</li></ul> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:virtual representation|the British idea that the colonies were represented "virtually," or in essence, by Parliament and without "direct" representation; following the Stamp Act, Benjamin Franklin argued for representation in Parliament: "If you chuse to tax us, give us Members in your Legislature and let us be one People." A core problem with representation was that the proprietary colonial landowners traditionally resided in London and therefore managed their colonial affairs from there, with direct influence in Parliament; Lonodon-based Caribbean plantation owners and merchants, especially, argued against direct representation, as "virtual representation" gave them more control over the colonies}}</li></ul> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Writs of Assistance|}}</ul> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:Writs of Assistance|}}</ul> | ||