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Parts of speech (view source)

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*** ex. "dog food"
*** ex. "dog food"
*** see [http://myenglishgrammar.com/lesson-12-modifiers/4-nouns-as-modifiers.html Nouns as Modifiers (meg.com)]
*** see [http://myenglishgrammar.com/lesson-12-modifiers/4-nouns-as-modifiers.html Nouns as Modifiers (meg.com)]
== verbs ==
== verbs ==
* express action
* express action
* verb phrases
* verb phrases
* verb forms
* verb forms
=== transitive and intransitive verbs ===
* transitive verbs act upon a direct object
** ex. "The soccer player kicked the ball"
* intransitive verbs do not have a direct object
** ex. "The soccer player played hard"
<< to complete / expand


=== infinitives ===
=== infinitives ===
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** except "base form" of a verb includes infinitive and simple present forms of the verb
** except "base form" of a verb includes infinitive and simple present forms of the verb


=== simple present ===
=== present tense forms ===
* denotes a single action that is repeated, always happens, or the present condition of something
*'''simple present'''
* examples
** denotes a single action that is repeated, always happens, or the present condition of something
** repeated action: "I eat lunch at noon."
** examples
** action that always (or, in the negative, never) happens: "I can't speak Latin"
*** repeated action: "I eat lunch at noon."
*** action that always (or, in the negative, never) happens: "I can't speak Latin"
** denotes the condition or state of something: "The car is clean" or "I feel great!"
** denotes the condition or state of something: "The car is clean" or "I feel great!"
* simple present form is also considered as a "base" verb form
** simple present form is also considered as a "base" verb form
 
* '''present progressive'''
=== present progressive ===
** = -ing form for a verb to express an ongoing action
* = -ing form for a verb to express an ongoing action
*** used with "to be" conjugations ("am" "is", etc.) the -ing verb form denotes an ongoing action
** used with "to be" conjugations ("am" "is", etc.) the -ing verb form denotes an ongoing action
*** ex. "She is dancing"
** ex. "She is dancing"
*** see participle for the -ing form of a verb that acts as an adjective or a noun (called a gerund)
** see participle for the -ing form of a verb that acts as an adjective or a noun (called a gerund)
** note that present progressive verb forms are frequently used to combine sentences or independent clauses
* note that present progressive verb forms are frequently used to combine sentences or independent clauses
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
** ex. "I went to see the sequel, and I hoped it would be as good as the first
* ex. "I went to see the sequel, and I hoped it would be as good as the first
** the two independent clauses (complete sentences) can be combined by converting the "I hoped" to the present progressive form, "hoping"
* the two independent clauses (complete sentences) can be combined by converting the "I hoped" to the present progressive form, "hoping"
** "I went to see the sequel, hoping it would as good as the first"
* "I went to see the sequel, hoping it would as good as the first"
** note that "hoping" renders the second clause dependent (not a complete sentence or thought), thus employing only a comma and not a comma +  conjunction
* note that "hoping" renders the second clause dependent (not a complete sentence or thought), thus employing only a comma and not a comma +  conjunction
** present progressive verbs subordinate clauses:
* present progressive verbs subordinate clauses:
*** "Hoping it would be as good as the first" is not a complete sentence or thought
** "Hoping it would be as good as the first" is not a complete sentence or thought
**** thus it is a dependent or subordinate clause
*** thus it is a dependent or subordinate clause
</div>
</div>
* '''click EXPAND to see examples of present progressive verbs used to combine independent clauses
* '''click EXPAND to see examples of present progressive verbs used to combine independent clauses
* see also:
* see also:
** [[https://www.thoughtco.com/present-participles-vs-present-progressives-1689701 present participles vs present progressives (thoughtco.com]]
** [[https://www.thoughtco.com/present-participles-vs-present-progressives-1689701 present participles vs present progressives (thoughtco.com]]
* '''present perfect'''
** indicates an action that happened at one point or that just happened and that consequences on the present
** usually uses the "has" or "have" forms of a verb
*** "Yes, I have eaten dinner already"
*** "I have played soccer since I was five"
*** "I haven't seen her in years"


=== transitive and intransitive verbs ===
=== past tense forms ===
* transitive verbs act upon a direct object
* '''past simple'''
** ex. "The soccer player kicked the ball"
** an action that happened in the past
* intransitive verbs do not have a direct object
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">  past simple examples
** ex. "The soccer player played hard"
*** "I ate before they showed up"
*** "I played soccer yesterday"
*** "I lived in Spain."
</div>
* click Expand for past simple examples
* '''past progressive'''
** actions that were ongoing at some point in the past or that were repeated in the past
** uses the -ing form of a verb
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> past progressive examples:
*** "I was eating when they showed up"
*** "I was playing soccer all last year"
*** "I was living in Spain"
* '''past perfect'''
* an action that happened before something else happened (both in the past)
* uses "had" to show the earlier event
** and compares it to another even with "before", "because" or "by the time", etc.  
** "I had already eaten when they showed up"
** "I had played soccer long before I learned rugby"
** "Because I had lived in Spain, I already knew some Spanish"
 
=== future tense forms ===
* '''future simple'''
** an action that will take place in the future, usually with "will"
*** "I will eat after they show up"
*** I will play soccer tomorrow"
*** I will live in Spain next year"
** future simple also indicates a promise to do something in the future
*** "I will play harder next time"
* '''future progressive'''
** an action that will be ongoing in the future, usually with "will" and "-ing"
** usually
*** "I will be eating with them when they show up"
*** "I will be playing soccer again after my ankle heals"
*** "I will be living in Spain all next year"
* '''future perfect'''
** an action that will happen before something else, usually with "will have"
** future perfect combines the future "will" with a past tense verb form
*** "I will have eaten before they show up"
*** "I will have played much better by the time we got to the playoffs"
*** "I will have lived in Spain by the end of next summer"
** future perfect also indicates an ongoing future state or condition
*** "If they show up late, I will have been eating already."
*** "By next year, I will have played soccer for 12 years"
*** "I will have lived in Spain a full year as of next week"
* '''future '''
**


=== past simple ===
* an action that happened in the past
** "I played soccer yesterday"
** "I lived in Spain."


=== participles and gerunds ===
=== participles and gerunds ===
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