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Parts of speech: Difference between revisions

created === subj headings and fixing particples section
(created === subj headings and fixing particples section)
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*** see [http://myenglishgrammar.com/lesson-12-modifiers/4-nouns-as-modifiers.html Nouns as Modifiers (meg.com)]
*** see [http://myenglishgrammar.com/lesson-12-modifiers/4-nouns-as-modifiers.html Nouns as Modifiers (meg.com)]
== verbs ==
== verbs ==
* express action/s
* express action
* verb phrases
* verb phrases
* verb forms
* verb forms
** infinitive
 
** conjugations
=== infinitives ===
** participles
* infinitives use "to"
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> participle types and examples:  
** ex. "I go to see the game"
*** verb forms that act like an adjective
* root forms act like infinitives but without the "to"
*** "past participle"  
** infinitive and base forms are generally interchangeable:
**** verbs in the past tense used as an adjective
** ex. "He helped her clean her desk" (root form)
**** where the simple past tense of a verb is used to show a condition of something
** v. "He helped her to clean her desk" (infinitive form)
**** typically are -ed -en and -t forms
* note that "root" and "base" forms are used interchangeably
**** includes irregular verbs in the past tense, such as "to be" "to go" etc.  
** except "base form" of a verb includes infinitive and simple present forms of the verb
 
=== simple present ===
* denotes an action happening at the moment.
* also considered a "base" form of a verb
 
=== present progressive ===
* = -ing form for a verb to express an ongoing action
** used with "to be" conjugations ("am" "is", etc.) the -ing verb form denotes an ongoing action
** ex. "She is dancing"
** see participle for the -ing form of a verb that acts as an adjective or a noun (called a gerund)
* note that present progressive verb forms are frequently used to combine sentences or independent clauses
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
** ex. "I went to see the sequel, and I hoped it would be as good as the first
** the two independent clauses (complete sentences) can be combined by converting the "I hoped" to the present progressive form, "hoping"
** "I went to see the sequel, hoping it would as good as the first"
** note that "hoping" renders the second clause dependent (not a complete sentence or thought), thus employing only a comma and not a comma +  conjunction
** present progressive verbs subordinate clauses:
*** "Hoping it would be as good as the first" is not a complete sentence or thought
**** thus it is a dependent or subordinate clause
</div>
* '''click EXPAND to see examples of present progressive verbs used to combine independent clauses
* see also:
** [[https://www.thoughtco.com/present-participles-vs-present-progressives-1689701 present participles vs present progressives (thoughtco.com]]
 
=== transitive and intransitive verbs ===
* transitive verbs act upon a direct object
** ex. "The soccer player kicked the ball"
* intransitive verbs do not have a direct object
** ex. "The soccer player played hard"
 
=== past simple ===
 
=== participles and gerunds ===
* verb forms that act like an adjective or a noun
* types:
** present participle:
*** verb form using -ing that acts as an adjective
** past participle:
*** past tense verb form that acts as an adjective
** gerund
*** verb form using -ing that acts as a noun
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''present participle'''
** uses the -ing form of a verb as an adjective
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> present participles as adjectives examples:
** "The boiling water is hot" (describes the water)
** "This trip is exciting" (modifies or describes the trip)
** "The directions are confusing" (modifies the directions)
</div>
'''Click EXPAND to see examples of present participles'''
* '''past participle'''
** verbs in the past tense used as an adjective
** where the simple past tense of a verb is used to show a condition of something
** typically are -ed -en and -t forms
** includes irregular verbs in the past tense, such as "to be" "to go" etc.  
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> past participles as adjectives examples:
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> past participles as adjectives examples:
** "Boiled water is sanitized" ("boiled" and "sanitized" describe the water)
** "Boiled water is sanitized" ("boiled" and "sanitized" describe the water)
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</div>
</div>
'''Click EXPAND to see examples of past participles'''
'''Click EXPAND to see examples of past participles'''
*** "present participle"
* '''gerunds'''
**** uses the -ing form of a verb as an adjective
** verbs that act as nouns
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> present participles as adjectives examples:
** use the -ing form of the verb
** "The boiling water is hot" (describes the water)
** "This trip is exciting" (modifies or describes the trip)
** "The directions are confusing" (modifies the directions)
</div>
'''Click EXPAND to see examples of present particples'''
** gerunds
*** verbs that act as nouns
*** use the -ing form of the verb
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> gerund (participles as nouns) examples:
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> gerund (participles as nouns) examples:
** "to swim" + -ing = "swimming" = a noun for the act of swimming
** "to swim" + -ing = "swimming" = a noun for the act of swimming
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**** "heh!"
**** "heh!"
</div>
</div>
* click EXPAND to see examples of exclamations
* click EXPAND to see full definitions and examples of participles and gerunds


== Categories ==
== Categories ==
* [[Grammar]]
* [[Grammar]]
* [[Word Parts of Speech & Grammar Rules]]
* [[Word Parts of Speech & Grammar Rules]]