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Clause (grammar): Difference between revisions
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→relative or "adjective" clause
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* the "subject" of the clause is a pronoun (thus "relative," as pronouns relate to a noun) | * the "subject" of the clause is a pronoun (thus "relative," as pronouns relate to a noun) | ||
* relative clauses are introduced by a relative pronoun (see table) | * relative clauses are introduced by a relative pronoun (see table) | ||
* relative clauses can be either restrictive or non-restrictive, per below | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px; width:40%" | {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px; width:40%" | ||
|+ relative pronouns | |+ relative pronouns | ||
! Pronoun !! For !! Rule | ! Pronoun !! For !! Rule | ||
|- | |- | ||
| that || people or things || - subject or object: adds required information (restrictive, so no punctuation) | | that || people or things || <small>- subject or object: adds required information (restrictive, so no punctuation)</small> | ||
- acts as the subject of the relative clause | <small>- acts as the subject of the relative clause</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|what | |what | ||
|things | |things | ||
| - object (acted upon) | | <small>- object (acted upon)</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| which || things || - subject or object: adds additional information (can be restrictive or non-restrictive) | | which || things || <small>- subject or object: adds additional information (can be restrictive or non-restrictive)</small> | ||
- acts as the subject of the relative clause | <small>- acts as the subject of the relative clause</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| who || people || subject (does the action): ''he, she, we, they'' (restrictive, so no punctuation) | | who || people || <small>subject (does the action): ''he, she, we, they'' (restrictive, so no punctuation)</small> | ||
- acts as the subject of the relative clause | <small>- acts as the subject of the relative clause</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|whoever | |whoever | ||
|people | |people | ||
| - subject or object of the relative clause | | <small>- subject or object of the relative clause</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| whom || people || - object (acted upon): ''him, her, us, them'' | | whom || people || <small>- object (acted upon): ''him, her, us, them''</small> | ||
- creates but is not the subject of the relative clause | <small>- creates but is not the subject of the relative clause</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| whose || people or things || possessive form of whom: ''his, her, us, their'' | | whose || people or things || <small>possessive form of whom: ''his, her, us, their''</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="3" | * Source: https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/relative-clauses/ | | colspan="3" | <small>* Source: https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/relative-clauses/</small> | ||
|} | |} | ||
** ex. | ** ex. | ||
*** "Sue, who is always late, showed up on time." | *** "Sue, who is always late, showed up on time." | ||
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** [https://thewordcounter.com/blog-comma-before-which/ Comma before which (thewordcounter.com)] | ** [https://thewordcounter.com/blog-comma-before-which/ Comma before which (thewordcounter.com)] | ||
** [https://www.softschools.com/examples/grammar/essential_and_nonessential_adjective_clauses_examples/81/# Essential and Nonessential Adjective Clauses Examples (softschools.com)] | ** [https://www.softschools.com/examples/grammar/essential_and_nonessential_adjective_clauses_examples/81/# Essential and Nonessential Adjective Clauses Examples (softschools.com)] | ||
=== restrictive relative clause === | === restrictive relative clause === | ||