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Clause (grammar): Difference between revisions
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* note: Santa is not a clause | * note: Santa is not a clause | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:0.8em; width:80%; margin-left:20px;" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
!Description | !Description | ||
| Line 25: | Line 25: | ||
|Sentence | |Sentence | ||
| | | | ||
| | | ✘ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|a grammatically complete thought that is part of a larger sentence that contains another clause | |a grammatically complete thought that is part of a larger sentence that contains another clause | ||
|independent clause | |independent clause | ||
| | | ✓ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|the main clause of a sentence is | |the main clause of a sentence is | ||
|independent clause | |independent clause | ||
| | | ✓ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|two independent clauses combined by a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) | |two independent clauses combined by a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) | ||
|coordinate clauses (both independent) | |coordinate clauses (both independent) | ||
| | | ✓ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|a part of a sentence that contains a subject & a verb but is not a complete | |a part of a sentence that contains a subject & a verb but is not a complete thought | ||
thought | |||
|dependent clause | |dependent clause | ||
| | | ✓ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|a part of a sentence that contains two or more words but does not have | |a part of a sentence that contains two or more words but does not have both a subject & verb (not a [[Vocabulary:Finite verb|finite verb]]) | ||
both a subject & verb (not a [[Vocabulary:Finite verb|finite verb]]) | |||
|phrase | |phrase | ||
| | | | ||
| | | ✘ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Rides a sleigh driven by reindeer through the air to deliver Christmas presents | |Rides a sleigh driven by reindeer through the air to deliver Christmas presents | ||
|proper noun | |proper noun | ||
| | | | ||
| | | ✘ | ||
|} | |} | ||
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* the "subject" of the clause is a pronoun (thus "relative," as pronouns relate to a noun) | * the "subject" of the clause is a pronoun (thus "relative," as pronouns relate to a noun) | ||
* relative clauses are introduced by a relative pronoun (see table) | * relative clauses are introduced by a relative pronoun (see table) | ||
* relative clauses can be either restrictive or non-restrictive, per below | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px; width:40%" | {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px; width:40%" | ||
|+ relative pronouns | |+ relative pronouns | ||
! Pronoun !! For !! Rule | ! Pronoun !! For !! Rule | ||
|- | |- | ||
| that || people or things || - subject or object: adds required information (restrictive, so no punctuation) | | that || people or things || <small>- subject or object: adds required information (restrictive, so no punctuation)</small> | ||
- acts as the subject of the relative clause | <small>- acts as the subject of the relative clause</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|what | |what | ||
|things | |things | ||
| - object (acted upon) | | <small>- object (acted upon)</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| which || things || - subject or object: adds additional information (can be restrictive or non-restrictive) | | which || things || <small>- subject or object: adds additional information (can be restrictive or non-restrictive)</small> | ||
- acts as the subject of the relative clause | <small>- acts as the subject of the relative clause</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| who || people || subject (does the action): ''he, she, we, they'' (restrictive, so no punctuation) | | who || people || <small>subject (does the action): ''he, she, we, they'' (restrictive, so no punctuation)</small> | ||
- acts as the subject of the relative clause | <small>- acts as the subject of the relative clause</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|whoever | |whoever | ||
|people | |people | ||
| - subject or object of the relative clause | | <small>- subject or object of the relative clause</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| whom || people || - object (acted upon): ''him, her, us, them'' | | whom || people || <small>- object (acted upon): ''him, her, us, them''</small> | ||
- creates but is not the subject of the relative clause | <small>- creates but is not the subject of the relative clause</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| whose || people or things || possessive form of whom: ''his, her, us, their'' | | whose || people or things || <small>possessive form of whom: ''his, her, us, their''</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="3" | * Source: https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/relative-clauses/ | | colspan="3" | <small>* Source: https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/relative-clauses/</small> | ||
|} | |} | ||
** ex. | ** ex. | ||
*** "Sue, who is always late, showed up on time." | *** "Sue, who is always late, showed up on time." | ||
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** [https://thewordcounter.com/blog-comma-before-which/ Comma before which (thewordcounter.com)] | ** [https://thewordcounter.com/blog-comma-before-which/ Comma before which (thewordcounter.com)] | ||
** [https://www.softschools.com/examples/grammar/essential_and_nonessential_adjective_clauses_examples/81/# Essential and Nonessential Adjective Clauses Examples (softschools.com)] | ** [https://www.softschools.com/examples/grammar/essential_and_nonessential_adjective_clauses_examples/81/# Essential and Nonessential Adjective Clauses Examples (softschools.com)] | ||
=== restrictive relative clause === | === restrictive relative clause === | ||
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** such noun clauses can also be used in "apposition" | ** such noun clauses can also be used in "apposition" | ||
*** appositive = a noun phrase that describes another noun or sentence part | *** appositive = a noun phrase that describes another noun or sentence part | ||
**** ''Mr. Jones, a farmer, hates rabbits'' | **** so the "apposition" essentially provides a definition or example | ||
***** "a farmer" = a noun phrase that tells us who is Mr. Jones | ***** ''Mr. Jones, a farmer, hates rabbits'' | ||
****** "a farmer" = a noun phrase that tells us who is Mr. Jones | |||
***** ''George Washington, the first president, lived in Virginia'' | |||
*** using the pronoun "that' | *** using the pronoun "that' | ||
** see | ** see | ||
*** note that this article provides examples of a noun clause within a preposition | *** [https://parentingpatch.com/using-noun-clauses-as-appositives/#:~:text=In%20grammar%2C%20an%20appositive%20is%20a%20word%2C%20phrase%2C,clauses%20also%20perform%20the%20grammatical%20function%20of%20appositive. Using Noun Clauses as Appositives (Parenting Patch)] | ||
*** such as, ''My decision, <u>for you to leave the day after us</u>, stands.'' | **** note that this article provides examples of a noun clause within a preposition are incorrect: | ||
**** "for" is a preposition and "to leave" is an infinitive, so this is not a clause | **** such as, ''My decision, <u>for you to leave the day after us</u>, stands.'' | ||
***** "for you" is a prepositional phrase | ***** "for" is a preposition and "to leave" is an infinitive, so this is not a clause | ||
***** that is further modified by the infinitive adjective "to leave" and its object, "the day after us" | ****** "for you" is a prepositional phrase | ||
****** that is further modified by the infinitive adjective "to leave" and its object, "the day after us" | |||
[[category:grammar]] | [[category:grammar]] | ||