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'''Transition Words''' | '''Transition Words''' | ||
[[ | * this entry supports the [[SAT Digital Reading and Writing Test quick start guide]] | ||
[[ | ** as well as the old paper test [[SAT Writing section techniques, strategies & approaches|SAT Writing]] section | ||
* "transition words" are sometimes referred to as "linking words" | |||
* "transition words" are | |||
** linking words connect thoughts or sentences. | ** linking words connect thoughts or sentences. | ||
* their grammatical forms are | * their grammatical forms are | ||
** conjunctive adverbs | ** '''conjunctive adverbs''' | ||
*** such as ''however, nevertheless, anyway'', etc. | *** such as ''however, nevertheless, anyway'', etc. | ||
** adverbial prepositional phrases | ** '''adverbial prepositional phrases''' | ||
*** such as "at any rate," "in the meantime" | *** such as "at any rate," "in the meantime" | ||
* the key to "transition words" is to think of them as | |||
** combining (conjunctive) ideas (sentence predicates) for | |||
*** chronology | |||
*** contradiction | |||
*** example | |||
*** explanation | |||
*** extension | |||
*** negation | |||
*** sequence | |||
* transition words are a writing technique to move ideas along | |||
== General Characteristic of Transition Words == | == General Characteristic of Transition Words == | ||
*consider: | |||
** does it support (POSITIVE) | ** does it support (POSITIVE) | ||
** or does it contradict (NEGATIVE) | *** including if it indicates a sequence or chronology | ||
** does it contradict (NEGATIVE) | |||
** does it move on from or change the topic (NEUTRAL) | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: | {| class="wikitable" style="width: 75%;" | ||
|cell style="width: 50%" | '''POSITIVE''' ||cell style="width: 50%" |'''NEGATIVE''' | |cell style="width: 50%" | '''POSITIVE''' ||cell style="width: 50%" |'''NEGATIVE''' | ||
|'''NEUTRAL''' | |'''NEUTRAL''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| explains || contradicts | | explains || contradicts | ||
| | |defers to another idea | ||
|- | |- | ||
| restates || states an opposite | | restates || states an opposite | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| adds information|| offers alternative | | adds information|| offers alternative | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | chronological or creates a sequence || | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| at any rate || "well, any way..." | | at any rate || "well, any way..." | ||
|- | |||
|better | |||
|"even better", "what's even better" | |||
|- | |- | ||
|by the same token | |by the same token | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| in other words || "explained differently", "in simple terms" | | in other words || "explained differently", "in simple terms" | ||
|- | |||
|in particular | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| in short || "to summarize", overall | | in short || "to summarize", overall | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| moreover || additionally, as well, furthermore | | moreover || additionally, as well, furthermore | ||
|- | |||
|nextly, secondly, thirdly, etc. | |||
|= additional points or examples | |||
|- | |- | ||
| similarly || comparably, correspondingly, likewise | | similarly || comparably, correspondingly, likewise | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| then || after, next, thereafter, thereupon, subsequently | | then || after, next, thereafter, thereupon, subsequently | ||
|- | |||
|thereafter | |||
|subsequently, ever since, "as a result of" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| therefore || accordingly, as a result, consequently, hence, thus | | therefore || accordingly, as a result, consequently, hence, thus | ||
|- | |- | ||
| to these ends / to that end || "for that reason", "in order to [accomplish that] | | to these ends / to that end || "for that reason", "in order to [accomplish that] | ||
|- | |||
|to wit | |||
|more precisely, in other words | |||
|- | |- | ||
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|what is | |what is | ||
|additionally, furthermore | |additionally, furthermore | ||
|- | |||
|what's more | |||
|technically a noun clause, but used to indicate additional information | |||
|} | |} | ||
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{| class="wikitable" style="width: 75%;" | {| class="wikitable" style="width: 75%;" | ||
|cell style="width: 25%"| '''TRANSITION WORD''' ||cell style="width: 50%" |'''TRANSLATION(s) / SYNONYMS''' | |cell style="width: 25%"| '''TRANSITION WORD''' ||cell style="width: 50%" |'''TRANSLATION(s) / SYNONYMS''' | ||
|- | |||
|actually | |||
|but, contrarily, etc. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| alternatively || on the other hand, conversely, in contrast | | alternatively || on the other hand, conversely, in contrast | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| on one hand / on the other hand || = suggests a contrast | | on one hand / on the other hand || = suggests a contrast | ||
|- | |||
|otherwise | |||
|"apart from that," instead, "if not then...", | |||
|- | |||
|rather | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| regardless || anyway, all the same, despite just the same, nevertheless, still | | regardless || anyway, all the same, despite just the same, nevertheless, still | ||
|- | |||
|still | |||
|even so, all the same, nevertheless, regardless, "yes, but" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| though || anyhow, despite, even though, "for all that" | | though || anyhow, despite, even though, "for all that" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| while || whereas (a contrast) | | while || whereas (a contrast) | ||
|- | |||
|worse | |||
|"what is worse...", "even worse" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| yet || although, even so, however, just the same, in spite of, nevertheless, nonetheless, still | | yet || although, even so, however, just the same, in spite of, nevertheless, nonetheless, still | ||
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| style="width: 25%" cell | '''TRANSITION WORD''' || style="width: 50%" cell |'''TRANSLATION(s) / SYNONYMS''' | | style="width: 25%" cell | '''TRANSITION WORD''' || style="width: 50%" cell |'''TRANSLATION(s) / SYNONYMS''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| anyway || whatever, let's move on... | | anyway || whatever, let's move on... ("anyway" may be a negative or neutral change in subject) | ||
|- | |||
|granted | |||
|assuming that, even if... (''can be negative, positive or neutral'' ) | |||
|- | |||
|incendentally | |||
|in another matter, on the side (= unrelated but at the same time) | |||
|- | |- | ||
|meanwhile | |meanwhile | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== | === Chronological Transition Word Translations === | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 75%;" | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: | | style="width: 25%" cell | '''TRANSITION WORD''' || style="width: 50%" cell |'''TRANSLATION(s) / SYNONYMS''' | ||
| | |- | ||
| after / afterwards || | |||
|- | |||
|before / beforehand | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|earlier | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|finally | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|first / firstly | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|lastly | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|later | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|next | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|second / secondly | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |subsequently | ||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |then | ||
| | |||
|} | |||
== Alternative Categorizations of Transition Words == | |||
Other ways of thinking about transition words include: | |||
[[Category:SAT Writing]] | [[Category:SAT Writing]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 75%;" | |||
|cell style="width: 50%" | '''CATEGORY ''' ||cell style="width: 80%" |'''EXAMPLES''' | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: | |||
|cell style="width: 50%" | '''CATEGORY ''' ||cell style="width: | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Chronology or sequence|| finally, meanwhile, next, suddenly | | Chronology or sequence|| ''finally, meanwhile, next, suddenly'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Location or relation|| alongside, beyond, further | | Location or relation|| ''alongside, beyond, further'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Example or illustration || for example, for this reason, in other words, in this case, in particular (some are similar to causal transition words) | | Example or illustration || ''for example, for this reason, in other words, in this case, in particular (some are similar to causal transition words)'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Agreement, affirmation, emphasis || and, also, clearly, equally importantly, especially, furthermore, importantly, in fact, indeed, moreover, undoubtedly | | Agreement, affirmation, emphasis || ''and, also, clearly, equally importantly, especially, furthermore, importantly, in fact, indeed, moreover, undoubtedly'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Comparison: positive (similarity) || as well, likewise, similarly, | | Comparison: positive (similarity) || ''as well, likewise, similarly,'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Comparison: negative (contrast, contradiction) || despite, even though, however, nevertheless, on the other hand, while, yet | | Comparison: negative (contrast, contradiction) || ''despite, even though, however, nevertheless, on the other hand, while, yet'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Cause, purpose, intention || because of, in order to, since | | Cause, purpose, intention || ''because of, in order to, since'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Effect or result || accordingly, as a result, consequently, due to, for the purpose of, hence, in order to, owing to, since, so, therefore | | Effect or result || ''accordingly, as a result, consequently, due to, for the purpose of, hence, in order to, owing to, since, so, therefore'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Conclusion || all things considered, finally, in conclusion, in general, overall, to summarize, ultimately | | Conclusion || ''all things considered, finally, in conclusion, in general, overall, to summarize, ultimately'' | ||
|} | |||
[[Category:SAT Reading]] | |||
[[Category:SAT | [[Category:SAT verbal]] | ||
[[Category:SAT digital test]] |