Jump to content

Social Studies skills: Difference between revisions

m
Line 885: Line 885:
*** thus the "sum" of the transaction is "zero"
*** thus the "sum" of the transaction is "zero"


== Logical and observational fallacies ==
== Logical and observational fallacies & paradoxes ==


* see Economics section for more fallacies and paradoxes
* see Economics section for more fallacies and paradoxes
Line 1,007: Line 1,007:


=== regression to the mean ===
=== regression to the mean ===
>> to do
 
* the idea that change can't happen forever
** therefore exceptional events, positive or negative, will likely subside
** and what was before, or similar to it, will prevail
* in social sciences, we see this in terms of cycles
** economic, political, social


=== Sutton's law ===
=== Sutton's law ===
Line 1,020: Line 1,025:
** similar to Sutton's law that the most obvious answer is likely correct
** similar to Sutton's law that the most obvious answer is likely correct
** used by medical schools to teach focus on the most obvious patient conditions/ illness causes
** used by medical schools to teach focus on the most obvious patient conditions/ illness causes
*
== Logical fallacies and tricks ==
* begging the question
* broken leg fallacy
** presents a solution for a problem caused by that or a related solution
** i.e, break the leg, then offer to fix it
* confusing credentials for evidence
** i.e., "98% of dentists recommend flossing"
*** does not provide evidence for the benefits of flossing, just that supposed experts say so
* fallacy of relevance
* ''ignoratio elenchi'' an argument that misses the point
* non sequitur
** " Humpty Dumptying" or "Humpty Dumptyisms":
** = an "arbitrary redefinition" like that used by Humpty Dumpty in "Alice in Wonderland"
** who tells Alice, "“When I use a word it means just what I choose it to mean—neither more nor less.”
* red herring
* strawman fallacy
** = the target of an argument (the "strawman") has nothing to do with the actual argument
* either-or fallacy
** incorrectly argues only two options or possibilities
* see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies


=== Kafka Trap ===
=== Kafka Trap ===