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Social Studies skills: Difference between revisions
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*## the worst of these deliberately imposes or leads others to do wrong | *## the worst of these deliberately imposes or leads others to do wrong | ||
=== ethical dilemma === | === ethical or moral dilemma === | ||
* dilemma | * dilemma = | ||
** | ** a situation that has dichotomous (or contrary) negative outcomes | ||
** i.e., no good choices | ** i.e., "no good choices" | ||
* see below for ethical lies | |||
* ethical dilemma = | |||
** a situation that presents or causes conflicting ethical requirements | |||
*** "requirement" means a required ethical response or choice | |||
*** i.e., if chosen or acted upon, it would be unethical | |||
* conflict of interest | |||
** present ethical challenges | |||
** have degrees of severity | |||
*** such as the ethical requirement to follow a law against, say, trespassing | |||
*** but such trespassing is required in order to save a life | |||
=== lying === | === lying === | ||
* lying happens all the time | * lying happens all the time | ||
* we might think of ethical degrees of lies | |||
** some lies may be justified, as in acting a character in a play or telling a joke | |||
** other lies have severe consequence | |||
** any lie that deprives another from the truth, possible benefit, or causes harm is unethical | |||
*** unless that lie avoids an even worse consequence upon either party | |||
==== types of lies ==== | ==== types of lies ==== | ||
* bold-faced lie | * bold-faced lie | ||
** flat-out lie told as if the absolute truth | ** flat-out lie told as if the absolute truth | ||
* b.s. | * b.s. | ||
** a lie that is obvious and exaggeration | ** a lie that is obvious and exaggeration | ||
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* rumors | * rumors | ||
** also called "fabrication" | ** also called "fabrication" | ||
** telling something without certainty of its | * ''slip of the tongue'' | ||
** an unintentional lie | |||
** also called "misspeaking" | |||
*** misspeaking becomes a lie when it is used intentionally to deceive or harm | |||
** telling something without certainty of its truefullness | |||
* story-telling | * story-telling | ||
* white lie | * white lie | ||
** a lie that produces a positive outcome | ** a lie that produces a positive outcome | ||
** see below for lies and situational ethics | ** see below for lies and situational ethics | ||
* sources: | |||
* [https://www.thehopeline.com/different-kinds-of-lies-you-tell/ Eight Types of Lies that People Tell - TheHopeLine] | * [https://www.thehopeline.com/different-kinds-of-lies-you-tell/ Eight Types of Lies that People Tell - TheHopeLine] | ||
* [[wikipedia:Lie|Lie - Wikipedia]] | * [[wikipedia:Lie|Lie - Wikipedia]] | ||
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* ethical lies do not deprive another person from a legitimate outcome | * ethical lies do not deprive another person from a legitimate outcome | ||
** ex. it is not ethical to lie in order to win a game that the other person has just as much right to win as do you | ** ex. it is not ethical to lie in order to win a game that the other person has just as much right to win as do you | ||
==== Christian thought on lying === | |||
* Christians consider lying an offence to God | |||
* Christian philosopher Saint Augustine (Augustine of Hippo) held that: | |||
** every lie is sinful | |||
** however, there are degrees of sinfulness in lies, depending on the context, such as inadvertent lies | |||
* Thomas Aquinas and John Calvin also held that lies are always wrong | |||
*** arguing that every situation presents a correct or "blameless" option | |||
==== lies and situational ethics: entertainment ==== | ==== lies and situational ethics: entertainment ==== | ||