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Social Studies skills: Difference between revisions
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=== ethical dilemmas === | === ethical dilemmas === | ||
==== the "Trolley problem" ==== | * dilemma | ||
** = a situation that has dichotomous (or contrary) negative outcomes | |||
** i.e., no good choices | |||
=== lying === | |||
* lying happens all the time | |||
==== types of lies ==== | |||
* bold-faced lie | |||
** flat-out lie told as if the absolute truth | |||
* b.s. | |||
** a lie that is obvious and exaggeration | |||
* broken promise | |||
** a promise made with no intention of carrying it out | |||
* deception | |||
* defamation | |||
** lies with intent to "defame" or harm a person's reputation | |||
* disinformation | |||
** lies targeted at an audience to shape a belief, usually in politics or politically-tainted news reporting | |||
* exaggeration | |||
** also called "puffery" for trying to be bigger than you really are | |||
* false dilemma | |||
** a lie of omission in that it hides options or conditions that exist | |||
** ex. "you either hate me or love me" | |||
* fake news | |||
** lies in news reporting with intent to hide or cover up something true | |||
* fraud | |||
** deliberate deceit in order to make or defraud someone of money | |||
* half truth | |||
** a lie of omission, in that the intent of the lie is to create a false impression by withholding contrary evidence | |||
* ''little white lies'' | |||
** seemingly inconsequential lies that cumulatively create a larger or ongoing deception | |||
* misleading statements | |||
** contains a truth but is designed to deceive | |||
* plagiarism | |||
** claiming as one's own what belongs or comes from someone else | |||
* rumors | |||
** also called "fabrication" | |||
** telling something without certainty of its truefulness | |||
* story-telling | |||
* white lie | |||
** a lie that produces a positive outcome | |||
** see below for lies and situational ethics | |||
see | |||
* [https://www.thehopeline.com/different-kinds-of-lies-you-tell/ Eight Types of Lies that People Tell - TheHopeLine] | |||
* [[wikipedia:Lie|Lie - Wikipedia]] | |||
==== lies and situational ethics: life-threatening dilemma ==== | |||
* lying may be ethical if used to | |||
** avoid severe harm or save a life | |||
*** ex., someone with clear intent to harm a resident knocks on the door, and is told that that person is not home | |||
* an ethical lie must avoid a seriously negative outcome | |||
** without creating a worse ultimate outcome | |||
* ethical lies do not deprive another person from a legitimate outcome | |||
** ex. it is not ethical to lie in order to win a game that the other person has just as much right to win as do you | |||
==== lies and situational ethics: entertainment ==== | |||
* a lie that does not pretend to be a truth | |||
** comedic effect | |||
** entertainment | |||
** fiction | |||
** paternalistic lie | |||
*** such as telling young children about Santa Claus or the Easter Bunny | |||
** play-acting for conversation or entertainment | |||
==== "Trolley problem" ==== | |||
* a dilemma created by the need to sacrifice one innocent person to save (usually given as) five others | * a dilemma created by the need to sacrifice one innocent person to save (usually given as) five others | ||
* scenario: | * scenario: | ||