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World History empires name meanings study guide: Difference between revisions
World History empires name meanings study guide (view source)
Revision as of 18:44, 4 January 2023
, 4 January 2023→Middleastern empires
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** cultural diffusion = the spreading and mixing of cultures, populations, technologies, disease, etc. | ** cultural diffusion = the spreading and mixing of cultures, populations, technologies, disease, etc. | ||
* we will see in this review over and over how many conquerors become more like the people and places they conquered than what / who they were at the start of the conquest | * we will see in this review over and over how many conquerors become more like the people and places they conquered than what / who they were at the start of the conquest | ||
=== Standardization & unity === | |||
* empires rule and spread rule through the process of standardization | |||
* while we think of standardization as making things the same, it can also mean treating disparate groups equally | |||
** i.e., under legal or political standards of either tolerance or favor | |||
** in such systems, different groups may be treated unequally, but in a standardized system, the law or governance treats them consistently, if not equally | |||
*** i.e., Islamic legal distinctions between Muslims and non-Muslims | |||
**** different taxes, military service, etc. | |||
* typical methods of standardization and unity include | |||
** writing / language | |||
** laws | |||
** taxation | |||
** currency/ money | |||
** road & canal building | |||
** official religion and/or religious tolerance | |||
== China empires/ dynasties == | == China empires/ dynasties == | ||
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== | == Islamic empires == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Name | !Name | ||
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!Notes | !Notes | ||
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|Ottoman Empire | |Notes: | ||
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* "Caliphate" from "Caliph" which means successor of Muhammad | |||
** the Caliph was considered ruler of the entire Muslim world (called the "umma" for "follower of Islam") | |||
*** note that "umma" transcends ethnic/ tribal alliances | |||
* "Islam" means "submit to God" | |||
* "Sharia" is the Islamic law | |||
** includes civil, political and criminal codes governing crime, family, trade, education, daily life and routines | |||
* "Sunni" = "community" | |||
** started by Muhammad's father-in-law, Abu Bakr | |||
** Sunnis follow Caliphs | |||
* "Shi'a" or "Shiite" is from "Shi'aat Ali" for "followers of Ali" | |||
** Ali was Muhammad's son-in-law and the husband of his daughter, Fatima | |||
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|First Caliphate | |||
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* established by Abu Bakr, 632, who reunited Arabia under Islam following Muhammad's death | |||
** under the idea, "Muhammad dead, Allah alive" | |||
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=== Umayyad Caliphate === | |||
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* 2nd major Caliphate (Sunni) | |||
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* established capital at Damascus in Syria (near Middle East) | |||
* spread Islam and Arabic | |||
** conquered Persia and extended reach to Indus River (modern Pakistan) | |||
** expanded across North Africa and into Spain | |||
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=== Abbasid Caliphate === | |||
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* Abu Al-Abbas | |||
|750-1258 | |||
|Lower Middle East | |||
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* conquered Damascus to create new Caliphate | |||
* moved capital ot Baghdad | |||
* included non-Arabs (especially Persians) | |||
* attacked by Mogols and fell to Seljuk Turks | |||
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|Turks/ Seljuk Turks | |||
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=== Ottoman Empire === | |||
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=== Safavid Empire === | |||
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* Persian | |||
|1453-1629 | |||
|Persia | |||
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* note the date, 1453 = the year of the fall of Constantinople, during which time the Ottmans were focused on expanding westward | |||
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[[Category:World History]] | [[Category:World History]] | ||
[[Category:AP World History]] | [[Category:AP World History]] | ||
[[Category:Social Studies skills]] | [[Category:Social Studies skills]] | ||