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World History empires name meanings study guide: Difference between revisions

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** cultural diffusion = the spreading and mixing of cultures, populations, technologies, disease, etc.
** cultural diffusion = the spreading and mixing of cultures, populations, technologies, disease, etc.
* we will see in this review over and over how many conquerors become more like the people and places they conquered than what / who they were at the start of the conquest
* we will see in this review over and over how many conquerors become more like the people and places they conquered than what / who they were at the start of the conquest
=== Standardization & unity ===
* empires rule and spread rule through the process of standardization
* while we think of standardization as making things the same, it can also mean treating disparate groups equally
** i.e., under  legal or political standards of either tolerance or favor
** in such systems, different groups may be treated unequally, but in a standardized system, the law or governance treats them consistently, if not equally
*** i.e., Islamic legal distinctions between Muslims and non-Muslims
**** different taxes, military service, etc.
* typical methods of standardization and unity include
** writing / language
** laws
** taxation
** currency/ money
** road & canal building
** official religion and/or religious tolerance


== China empires/ dynasties ==
== China empires/ dynasties ==
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== Middleastern empires ==
== Islamic empires ==
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!Name
!Name
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!Notes
!Notes
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|Ottoman Empire
|Notes:
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* "Caliphate" from "Caliph" which means successor of Muhammad
** the Caliph was considered ruler of the entire Muslim world (called the "umma" for "follower of Islam")
*** note that "umma" transcends ethnic/ tribal alliances
* "Islam" means "submit to God"
* "Sharia" is the Islamic law
** includes civil, political and criminal codes governing crime, family, trade, education, daily life and routines
* "Sunni" = "community"
** started by Muhammad's father-in-law, Abu Bakr
** Sunnis follow Caliphs
* "Shi'a" or "Shiite" is from "Shi'aat Ali" for "followers of Ali"
** Ali was Muhammad's son-in-law and the husband of his daughter, Fatima
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|First Caliphate
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* established by Abu Bakr, 632, who reunited Arabia under Islam following Muhammad's death
** under the idea, "Muhammad dead, Allah alive"
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=== Umayyad Caliphate ===
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* 2nd major Caliphate (Sunni)
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* established capital at Damascus in Syria (near Middle East)
* spread Islam and Arabic
** conquered Persia and extended reach to Indus River (modern Pakistan)
** expanded across North Africa and into Spain
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=== Abbasid Caliphate ===
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* Abu Al-Abbas
|750-1258
|Lower Middle East
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* conquered Damascus to create new Caliphate
* moved capital ot Baghdad
* included non-Arabs (especially Persians)
* attacked by Mogols and fell to Seljuk Turks
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|Turks/ Seljuk Turks
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=== Ottoman Empire ===
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=== Safavid Empire ===
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* Persian
|1453-1629
|Persia
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* note the date, 1453 = the year of the fall of Constantinople, during which time the Ottmans were focused on expanding westward
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[[Category:World History]]
[[Category:World History]]
[[Category:AP World History]]
[[Category:AP World History]]
[[Category:Social Studies skills]]
[[Category:Social Studies skills]]