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Parts of speech: Difference between revisions

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**** other incorrect examples:
**** other incorrect examples:
***** "She told about her trip."  v. "She told us about her trip."
***** "She told about her trip."  v. "She told us about her trip."
***** "His dad bought
***** "His dad bought" = incomplete thought bc "bought" requires an object:
 
****** "His dad bought a boat"
=== infinitives ===
* infinitives use the particle "to"
** ex. "I go to see the game"
* "infinitive" comes from Latin for "indefinite" or "unrestricted"
** bc in Latin verbs must match noun case or plurality
** so the infinitive is not attached to another noun, thus it does not match case or plurality
* root forms or "bare infinitives" act like infinitives but without the "to"
** infinitive and base forms are generally interchangeable:
** ex. "He helped her clean her desk" (root form)
** v. "He helped her to clean her desk" (infinitive form)
** note that "root" and "base" forms are used interchangeably
*** except "base form" of a verb includes infinitive and simple present forms of the verb
** see:
*** [https://www.thefreedictionary.com/bare+infinitive Bare Infinitive (fredictionary.com)]
*** [https://englishlessonsbrighton.co.uk/bare-infinitive/ What is a bare infinitive? (englishlessonsbrighton.com)]
 
* infinitives act as adjectives, adverbs or nouns
** as adjective
*** ''The place to go is the theatre''
**** "to go" is an adjective that describes "place"
** as adverb
*** I get to go there tomorrow
**** "to go" is an adverb that modifies the verb "get"
** as noun
*** ''I learned how to build it''
**** "to build" is the noun object of the verb "learned"


=== present tense forms ===
=== present tense forms ===
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=== participles and gerunds ===
=== non-finite verb: participle, gerund & infinitive ===
* non-finite verbs
** = verbs that do not have a subject
** and thus do not act as an action or "finite" verb (that has a subject)
** = verbs that act as adjectives, adverbs, or nouns
** non-finite verbs are also called "verbals"
* verb forms that act like an adjective, adverb or noun
* verb forms that act like an adjective, adverb or noun
* types:
* types:
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* present participles may themselves be modified by an adverb
* present participles may themselves be modified by an adverb
** ex.: ** or "She went about her work smiling enormously"
** ex.: ** or "She went about her work smiling enormously"
==== gerunds ====
==== gerund ====
*= verbs that act as nouns
*= verbs that act as nouns
* use the -ing form of the verb
* use the -ing form of the verb
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** [https://www.ef.edu/english-resources/english-grammar/ing-forms/ The -ing forms (ef.edu Resources for Learning English]
** [https://www.ef.edu/english-resources/english-grammar/ing-forms/ The -ing forms (ef.edu Resources for Learning English]
** [https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/participles.htm Grammar-Monster.com participles]
** [https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/participles.htm Grammar-Monster.com participles]
==== infinitive ====
* = a non-finite verbs
* infinitives use the particle "to"
** ex. "I go ''to see'' the game"
* "infinitive" comes from Latin for "indefinite" or "unrestricted"
** bc in Latin restrictive verbs must match noun case or plurality
*** i.e., they have a subject (and match to it)
** so the infinitive is "indefinite" or "unrestricted"
*** since it not attached to another noun (subject)
*** and thus it does not match case or plurality
* root forms or "bare infinitives" act like infinitives but without the "to"
** infinitive and base forms are generally interchangeable:
** ex. "He helped her clean her desk" (root form)
** v. "He helped her to clean her desk" (infinitive form)
** note that "root" and "base" forms are used interchangeably
*** except "base form" of a verb includes infinitive and simple present forms of the verb
** see:
*** [https://www.thefreedictionary.com/bare+infinitive Bare Infinitive (fredictionary.com)]
*** [https://englishlessonsbrighton.co.uk/bare-infinitive/ What is a bare infinitive? (englishlessonsbrighton.com)]
* infinitives act as adjectives, adverbs or nouns
** as adjective
*** ''The place to go is the theatre''
**** "to go" is an adjective that describes "place"
** as adverb
*** I get to go there tomorrow
**** "to go" is an adverb that modifies the verb "get"
** as noun
*** ''I learned how to build it''
**** "to build" is the noun object of the verb "learned"


=== subjunctive mood ===
=== subjunctive mood ===