4,977
edits
US History timeline & concept chart: 16th-18th centuries (to 1754) British-American colonies: Difference between revisions
US History timeline & concept chart: 16th-18th centuries (to 1754) British-American colonies (view source)
Revision as of 14:49, 24 October 2022
, 24 October 2022→Jamestown, 1607
| Line 763: | Line 763: | ||
*** 1612 tribal leader '''Powhatan''' arranged peace, married daughter to Rolfe | *** 1612 tribal leader '''Powhatan''' arranged peace, married daughter to Rolfe | ||
*** Powhatan’s successor took anti-English position, led attacks | *** Powhatan’s successor took anti-English position, led attacks | ||
***'''Jamestown Massacre''', | ***'''Jamestown Massacre''', 1621, Indian attacks killed 400 colonials | ||
*** peace agreements by 1627-32, but English expansion westward continued, led to war in 1644, finally Treat of 1646 turned tribes into English subjects, Virginia Colony expansion | *** peace agreements by 1627-32, but English expansion westward continued, led to war in 1644, finally Treat of 1646 turned tribes into English subjects, Virginia Colony expansion | ||
==== General Assembly, 1619-1642 ==== | |||
* unicameral assembly, included the Governor, a "council of state" (appointed by the Virginial Company) and 22 locally elected representatives | |||
** those representatives constituted the first democratically elected assembly in the colonies | |||
** the Governor and Council largely ignored the assembly's powers | |||
* when the Virginia Company charter was revoked in 1624 and Virginia became a "crown colony" assembly members were appointed, not elected | |||
* following reorganization of the growing colony in 1634, Assembly members were elected by local vote (free white males only) | |||
* in 1642, Governor William Berkeley proposed creation of a bicameral legislature, creating the "House of Burgesses" as the lower house | |||
==== Council of State ==== | |||
* part of the original governing body under the Virginia Company | |||
* became the upper house of the General Assembly of the Virginia colony in 1642 | |||
* 12 members | |||
* also known as the "Governor's Council" | |||
* held legislative (shared powers w/ lower body), executive (advising body to the governor) and judicial powers | |||
* as with the governor, Council members were appointed by the king ("royal") | |||
** except during the Commonwealth, when the lower house, "House of Burgesses" selected the Council members | |||
==== House of Burgesses, 1642-1776 ==== | ==== House of Burgesses, 1642-1776 ==== | ||
* traditionally, "burgess" = a freeman from a "borough" or town in England | * traditionally, "burgess" = a freeman from a "borough" or town in England | ||
* | * = the lower house / assembly of the General Assembly | ||
* met in Jamestown, moved to Williamsburg in 1699 | |||
* met in Jamestown | |||
* lower house: the "burgesses" | * lower house: the "burgesses" | ||
** = representatives from counties who were elected by free white males (and later, only property owners) | ** = representatives from counties who were elected by free white males (and later, only property owners) | ||
| Line 787: | Line 792: | ||
* the House of Burgesses gained power over governors over time | * the House of Burgesses gained power over governors over time | ||
** representation expanded w/ colonial expansion | ** representation expanded w/ colonial expansion | ||
* tension w/ British government | * tension w/ British government rose after the French Indian War (1754-1763) | ||
* Burgess members served as training grounds for future revolutionary leaders, especially Patrick Henry (author of the 1765 "Virginia Resolves" that protested the Stamp Act) and Thomas Jefferson | |||
** Henry gave his "Give me liberty or give me death!" speech in 1775 to a convention of Burgess members who met in Richmond in opposition to the royal colonial governor | |||
* the House of Burgesses was dissolved in 1776 as Virginia declared independence | |||
** it was replaced by the House of Delegates, the lower body to a new General Assembly, along w/ the upper house, the Senate. | |||
=== Virginia "tobacco economy" === | === Virginia "tobacco economy" === | ||
| Line 929: | Line 938: | ||
*** saw religious rules as essential, called them “Justice and Mercy” and should apply to all, rich and poor | *** saw religious rules as essential, called them “Justice and Mercy” and should apply to all, rich and poor | ||
** historians see “City upon a Hill” as a statement of “American exceptionalism” | ** historians see “City upon a Hill” as a statement of “American exceptionalism” | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
|} | |} | ||