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=== object complement ===
=== object complement ===
* a word that modifies an object
* a word that modifies a direct object
** that is, it adds information to a direct object
*** as opposed to a subject complement, which adds information to a subject
** usually a noun, pronoun or adjective
* object complements follow verbs that express both an object of an action and a recipient of that action
* object complements follow verbs that express both an object of an action and a recipient of that action
** such as, ''appoint, call, create, declare, direct, elect, tell''
** such as, ''appoint, call, choose, create, declare, direct, elect, make, name, tell''
*** ''The committee appointed her president''
*** ex. to appoint:
*** ''My mom declared the cookies out of bounds''
**** ''The committee appointed her.''
>> to complete
***** her = the recipient of the action (direct object)
 
** if we add a complement to the object, we are describing what she was appointed to:
 
*** ''The committee appointed her president.''
**** note that "president" is not an indirect object
***** it is not the recipient of "appoint" therefore it is a "complement" to the object
**** ex.
***** ''The teacher considers the student '''worthy''''' (object complement adjective)
***** ''The workers painted the wall '''white''''' (object complement noun)
* object complements can also come in the form of phrases or clauses
** ''My mom declared the cookies '''out of bounds'''''  (prepositional phrase)
** ''The team selected the player '''who was the best''''' (relative clause object complement)
== Predicate ==
== Predicate ==
* from Latin ''praedicatum'' for "something declared"
* from Latin ''praedicatum'' for "something declared"
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=== infinitive phrase ===
=== infinitive phrase ===
* infinitives = "to" form of a verb
* infinitive = the "to" form of a verb
** but that acts as a noun, adjective or adverb
* infinitives acts as a noun, adjective or adverb
*** ex. "I decided ''to go'' to the park"
* infinitives are formed by adding the particle "to" before a verb
**** "to go" is an infinitive phrase that acts as the direct object of the subject-verb "I decided"
** the infinitive indicates an action not as a direct action (verb) but as a thing or descriptor that indicates some action
**** i.e. it is the object of what "I decided"  
*** i.e., "to run" can be a noun, adjective or adverb, but it still indicates the action "run"
**** "to the park" is prepositional phrase that acts like an adverb that describes "to go", as in "where [I decided] to go"
* infinitive as a <u>noun</u>:
*** ex. "The teacher reminded the class to study for the test tomorrow"
** "'''''To go''' is the best decision"''
**** "the class" is the object of "the teacher reminded" and "to study" is an adverb that describes the verb "reminded"
*** "to go" is the subject of the sentence
***** "to study" may also be seen as a "object complement" in that it serves as the object of "reminded the class"
** "''I decided '''to go''' to the park''"
* note: sometimes the "to" is dropped although the verb is still an infinitive:
*** "to go" is the direct object of the subject-verb "I decided"
**** i.e. it is the object of what "I decided"
**** note that "to the park" is prepositional phrase that acts like an adverb that describes "to go", as in "where [I decided] to go"
** "''The teacher reminded the class '''to study''' for the test tomorrow"''
*** "the class" is the object of "the teacher reminded" and "to study" is an adverb that describes the verb "reminded"
*** "to study" may also be seen as a "object complement" in that it serves as the object of "reminded the class"
* infinitive as an adjective
** "''The dog wanted the cake '''to drop''' on the floor"''
*** "to drop" is an adjective that describes the "cake"
* infinitive as an adverb
** ''"Jonesy drove himself '''to learn"'''''
*** "to learn" is an adverb that describes the verb "drove"
**** note that in this sentence, "Jonesy drove himself to school", the "to" is a preposition and not a particle
* sometimes the "to" is dropped although the verb is still an infinitive:
** ex. "The waiter made me wait"
** ex. "The waiter made me wait"
*** "wait" can be a noun, but here it is acting as an infinitive verb (the action "to wait")
*** "wait" can be a noun, but here it is acting as an infinitive verb (the action "to wait")
* infinitives can have their own objects
** ''She bought flowers to make him happy''
*** "to make" modifies "bought" (as an adverb) or "flowers" (as an adjective)
*** "him" is the object of the infinitive "to make"
**** "happy" is the object complement of "him"
* see: [https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/mechanics/gerunds_participles_and_infinitives/infinitives.html Infinitives (owl.purdue.edu)]
* see: [https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/mechanics/gerunds_participles_and_infinitives/infinitives.html Infinitives (owl.purdue.edu)]


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=== introductory phrase ===
=== introductory phrase ===


* a phrase that introduces an independent clause
** usually a prepositional phrase or a participial phrase
*** ''"'''On Thursdays''', I get out."'' (prepositional phrase)
*** '''''"Feeling hungry,''' I bought some fries"'' (participial phrase)


== Modifiers ==
== Modifiers ==
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=== qualifiers ===
=== qualifiers ===
* qualifiers limit, or "qualify," the meaning of a word
* qualifiers limit, or "qualify," the meaning of a word
* qualifiers can be adverbs or determiners
* types of qualifiers:
* types of qualifiers:
>> to do
** adverbs: ''always, frequently sometimes, usually,''
 
** determiners: ''few, many, some,''
=== modifier errors: dangling modifiers ===
=== modifier errors: dangling modifiers ===
* a modifier that has no word or phrase to modify
* a modifier that has no word or phrase to modify