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text | text | ||
* for bullets | * for bullets | ||
* '''>''' for bullets with bold | * '''>''' for bullets with bold | ||
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* Click EXPAND to see list of important >> | * Click EXPAND to see list of important >> | ||
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* canals provide important water passage to connect water bodies that would otherwise require long-distance water travel around land bodies or continents | * canals provide important water passage to connect water bodies that would otherwise require long-distance water travel around land bodies or continents | ||
** usually canals are built across isthmuses | ** usually canals are built across isthmuses | ||
* Click EXPAND to see list of important canals | |||
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* Bahr Yussef | * Bahr Yussef | ||
** connects the Nile to the Faiyum Oasis and Lake Moeris, built 2300 BC | ** connects the Nile to the Faiyum Oasis and Lake Moeris, built 2300 BC | ||
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* Suez Canal | * Suez Canal | ||
* Panama Canal | * Panama Canal | ||
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=== channel === | === channel === | ||
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=== gulf === | === gulf === | ||
=== lake === | === lake === | ||
* "terminal lake" = lakes that have no outflow are called | |||
** terminal lakes occur in basins and drains | |||
=== ocean === | === ocean === | ||
=== sea === | === sea === | ||
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click EXPAND to see list of important straits: | click EXPAND to see list of important straits: | ||
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* important straits and channels | * important straits and channels | ||
* '''Bosporus Strait''' | * '''Bosporus Strait''' | ||
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*** [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait Strait (wiki)]] | *** [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait Strait (wiki)]] | ||
*** [[https://www.morethanshipping.com/the-worlds-top-10-strategic-straits-and-channels Top 10 Straits and Channels (morethanshipping.com)]] | *** [[https://www.morethanshipping.com/the-worlds-top-10-strategic-straits-and-channels Top 10 Straits and Channels (morethanshipping.com)]] | ||
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** this list is derived from ** See [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rivers_by_lengthList of rivers by length (wiki)]] | ** this list is derived from ** See [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rivers_by_lengthList of rivers by length (wiki)]] | ||
*** which measures total length of river systems (i.e., includes tributaries) | *** which measures total length of river systems (i.e., includes tributaries) | ||
* Click EXPAND to see list of the ten longest rivers | |||
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* 1. '''Nile''' (Africa; flows into Mediterranean Sea) | * 1. '''Nile''' (Africa; flows into Mediterranean Sea) | ||
* 2. '''Amazon''' (South America; flows into Atlantic Ocean) | * 2. '''Amazon''' (South America; flows into Atlantic Ocean) | ||
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* 10. '''Amur''' (northern-central Asia, flows into the Sea of Okhost, part of the Pacific Ocean) | * 10. '''Amur''' (northern-central Asia, flows into the Sea of Okhost, part of the Pacific Ocean) | ||
* See also [[https://www.wonderslist.com/top-10-largest-rivers/ Top 10 Largest Rivers in the world]] | * See also [[https://www.wonderslist.com/top-10-largest-rivers/ Top 10 Largest Rivers in the world]] | ||
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=== oasis === | === oasis === | ||
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* Hydrology / water cycle | * Hydrology / water cycle | ||
* | * | ||
=== sink === | |||
* the lowest point in a "drain" that the collects water that has no outflow from the drain | |||
* the waterflow in a drain or to a sink does not flow outside of that region | |||
* usually a lake or a swamp | |||
* may evaporate, such as the Great Salt Lake | |||
=== stream === | |||
== atmosphere == | == atmosphere == | ||
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** i.e., all the rivers and other water sources are contained within it | ** i.e., all the rivers and other water sources are contained within it | ||
** and none of those waters flow into an ocean | ** and none of those waters flow into an ocean | ||
** instead, the water flows into a "drain", usually a lake or swamp region | |||
click EXPAND for important basins | |||
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* '''the Great Basin''', western United States | |||
** "basin" = lowlands between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada | |||
** there is no waterflow exiting the Great Basin | |||
** the Great Salt Lake is one of three major drains n the Great Basin | |||
*** called a "terminal lake" | |||
*** it is the 8th largest in the world | |||
* '''Okavango Delta''', Botswana, Africa | |||
** a swampy, inland delta region that collects rain and water flow of the Okavango River (4th longest river system in Africa) | |||
** it is a "delta" because the river splits into different channels as it empties into the basin | |||
** the water levels are seasonal | |||
** the Okavango Delta is an important home to wildlife, especially elephants, rhinos, lions and leopards | |||
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=== butte === | === butte === | ||
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* Click EXPAND for a list of important capes: | * Click EXPAND for a list of important capes: | ||
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* '''Cape Canaveral''' - Florida | * '''Cape Canaveral''' - Florida | ||
* '''Cape Cod''' - Massachusetts | * '''Cape Cod''' - Massachusetts | ||
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* '''Cape Three Forks''' - Morocco | * '''Cape Three Forks''' - Morocco | ||
* ''' Cape Vert''' - Senegal; the westernmost point of Africa | * ''' Cape Vert''' - Senegal; the westernmost point of Africa | ||
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* See [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_(geography)#List_of_some_well-known_capes List of Well Known Capes (wiki)]] | * See [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_(geography)#List_of_some_well-known_capes List of Well Known Capes (wiki)]] | ||
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* click on EXPAND to see list of Continents | * click on EXPAND to see list of Continents | ||
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* ordered by size, largest to smallest: | * ordered by size, largest to smallest: | ||
* '''Asia''' | * '''Asia''' | ||
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* '''Europe''' | * '''Europe''' | ||
* '''Australia''' | * '''Australia''' | ||
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* disputed continents | * disputed continents | ||
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* click EXPAND for more on definition of Europe as a continent | * click EXPAND for more on definition of Europe as a continent | ||
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* to the ancient Greeks, Europe was the "Land of the West" | |||
* and Asia was the "Land of the East: | |||
* and Africa was called "Libya" | |||
* as a continent, Europe is divided from Asia by | |||
** Ural Mountains (in Russia) and | |||
** Bosporus Strait (at Constantinople, Turkey) | |||
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=== drain === | |||
* a lowland area that collects water that has no outflows to the ocean | |||
* technically an "Endorheic basin" | |||
* the "sink" is the actual low point in which water is collected | |||
=== Endorheic v. exorheic === | |||
* describes lakes, lowlands or regions in which water either | |||
** has no outflow = ''endorheic'' | |||
** has an outflow = ''exorheic'' | |||
* these terms can describe regions, lakes, swamps | |||
* basins that have subsurface (underground) water flow that leads to an ocean are called "cryptorheic basins" | |||
=== gorge === | === gorge === | ||
* another name for '''canyon''' (see above) | * another name for '''canyon''' (see above) | ||
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* Micronesia | * Micronesia | ||
* Polynesia | * Polynesia | ||
'''Click EXPAND for a list of independent nations of Oceana''' | |||
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* Australia | * Australia | ||
* East Timor | * East Timor | ||
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* Also: | * Also: | ||
** Cook Islands and Niue are "associated states" with New Zealand | ** Cook Islands and Niue are "associated states" with New Zealand | ||
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* See [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Oceania List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania (wiki)]] | * See [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Oceania List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania (wiki)]] | ||