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Virginia and US History SOL map study: US expansion 1789-1959: Difference between revisions
Virginia and US History SOL map study: US expansion 1789-1959 (view source)
Revision as of 19:37, 8 June 2022
, 8 June 2022→Continental expansion & overseas territories, 1865-1900
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=== '''Louisiana Purchase, 1803''' === | |||
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|[[File:1803 United States 1803-04-1804-03.png|thumb|1803: showing the Louisiana Purchase, territories West of the Mississippi and north of Mexican lands|alt=|border|left]] | |[[File:1803 United States 1803-04-1804-03.png|thumb|1803: showing the Louisiana Purchase, territories West of the Mississippi and north of Mexican lands|alt=|border|left]] | ||
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* bought from France | * bought from France | ||
** (which took it a few years before from Spain) | ** (which took it a few years before from Spain) | ||
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** including into Spanish territories (modern Texas) | ** including into Spanish territories (modern Texas) | ||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
|[[File:1828 United States 1828-1834.png|thumb|1828: showing re-organization of the Louisiana territory and Mexican lands|alt=|none]][[File:1836 United States 1836-06-1836-07.png|none|thumb|1836: Texas Republic (independence from Mexico)]][[File:1837 United States 1837-03-1838.png|none|thumb|1837: Texas expands territory into Mexico]] | | | ||
| | === '''Mexican Texas, 1827-1836 & Republic of Texas, 1836-1846''' === | ||
[[File:1828 United States 1828-1834.png|thumb|1828: showing re-organization of the Louisiana territory and Mexican lands|alt=|none]][[File:1836 United States 1836-06-1836-07.png|none|thumb|1836: Texas Republic (independence from Mexico)]][[File:1837 United States 1837-03-1838.png|none|thumb|1837: Texas expands territory into Mexico]] | |||
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* US settlers pushed into Spanish / Mexican lands and gained independence from Mexico | * US settlers pushed into Spanish / Mexican lands and gained independence from Mexico | ||
* notes on Texas (not important for the Virginia SOL) | * notes on Texas (not important for the Virginia SOL) | ||
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** these events were significant to the Mexican-American War, 1846-1848 | ** these events were significant to the Mexican-American War, 1846-1848 | ||
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|Mexican-American War, 1848[[File:1848 United States 1848-05-1848-08.png|none|thumb|1848: US after Mexican-American War ]][[File:1849 United States 1849-1850.png|none|thumb|1849: Reorganization of territories seized from Mexico (Texas, now a state, is reduced in size)]] | | | ||
=== Mexican-American War, 1848 === | |||
[[File:1848 United States 1848-05-1848-08.png|none|thumb|1848: US after Mexican-American War ]][[File:1849 United States 1849-1850.png|none|thumb|1849: Reorganization of territories seized from Mexico (Texas, now a state, is reduced in size)]] | |||
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|[[File:1770 Slavery in the 13 colonies.jpg|none|thumb|Slavery in American colonies as of 1770]] | | | ||
|Slavery in the 13 American colonies prior to the American Revolution | === Late colonial slave population per colony, 1770 === | ||
[[File:1770 Slavery in the 13 colonies.jpg|none|thumb|Slavery in American colonies as of 1770]] | |||
|'''Slavery in the 13 American colonies just prior to the American Revolution''' | |||
* slavery was legal in the British Empire (colonial empire) | |||
* tobacco planting was a major reason for increase in slavery in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina | |||
* cotton planting was the primary crop for slavery in South Carolina | |||
** cotton farming is "labor intensive" (takes a lot of direct human labor) | |||
** so, while cotton was grown and slaves were used to harvest it, it was still inefficient | |||
** South Carolina also focused on rice and indigo (a plant for its deep color blue) | |||
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|[[File:1850 US 1850 free-slave-states-map-of-usa.jpg|thumb|Distribution of free and slave states, 1850|alt=|border|none]] | | | ||
|See [[wikipedia:Slavery_in_the_United_States#/media/File:US_Slave_Free_1789-1861.gif|this animated map timeline]] for expansion of slavery from colonial to Civil War period | === The Cotton gin and "King Cotton" === | ||
[[File:1850 US 1850 free-slave-states-map-of-usa.jpg|thumb|Distribution of free and slave states, 1850|alt=|border|none]] | |||
|'''See [[wikipedia:Slavery_in_the_United_States#/media/File:US_Slave_Free_1789-1861.gif|this animated map timeline]] for expansion of slavery from colonial to Civil War period''' | |||
* the 1793 invention of the "cotton gin" increased the efficiency of cotton harvesting and production (extracting seeds from the cotton fibers) | |||
* also, new textile "weaving machines" in northern factories increased demand for raw cotton | |||
* in the early 1800s, cotton production exploded, along with growth in the slave population | |||
* throughout the early to mid-1800s slavery spread across the South west of the Mississippi River | |||
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=== 1820 Missouri Compromise === | === 1820 Missouri Compromise === | ||
[[File:1819 USA Territorial Growth 1820 alt.jpg|none|thumb|1819: Free and Slave States jus before the Compromise of 1820 which admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state]][[File:1821 Missouri Compromise US SlaveFree1821.gif|none|thumb|Missouri Compromise 36'30" line]] | [[File:1819 USA Territorial Growth 1820 alt.jpg|none|thumb|1819: Free and Slave States jus before the Compromise of 1820 which admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state]][[File:1821 Missouri Compromise US SlaveFree1821.gif|none|thumb|Missouri Compromise 36'30" line]] | ||
| | |'''Called the "Missouri Compromise," in 1820, Congress passed laws to admit Maine and Missouri as states''' | ||
* the compromise was that | |||
** Maine would be a "free" (non-slavery) state | |||
** Missouri would be a slave state | |||
** and no other slave states would be admitted above the 36'30"parallel (a latitude line, per the map) | |||
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=== Secession of southern states, 1861 === | |||
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|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
|[[File:US Secession map 1861.svg|thumb|Status of the states, 1861: * Dark Red = Slave states that seceded before April 15, 1861; * Red = Slave states that seceded after April 15, 1861; * Yellow = Union states that permitted slavery (border states); * Blue = Union states that had banned slavery; * Gray = Territories|alt=Map of U.S. showing two kinds of Union states, two phases of secession and territories|border|none]] | |[[File:US Secession map 1861.svg|thumb|Status of the states, 1861: * Dark Red = Slave states that seceded before April 15, 1861; * Red = Slave states that seceded after April 15, 1861; * Yellow = Union states that permitted slavery (border states); * Blue = Union states that had banned slavery; * Gray = Territories|alt=Map of U.S. showing two kinds of Union states, two phases of secession and territories|border|none]] | ||
| | |'''Following the election of Abraham Lincoln as President, southern states "seceded" (left) the Union (the "union" of states under the Constitution)''' | ||
* as candidate, Lincoln said that he would not end slavery, but he would oppose any further expansion of it | |||
* following Lincoln's election, South Carolina became the first state to secede, followed by other states (marked in dark red on the map; the states marked in red seceded after Lincoln's inauguration) | |||
* the "border" states of Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri did not seceded | |||
** but primarily because they were occupied by the Union (northern) Army, especially Maryland | |||
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== Continental expansion & overseas territories, 1865-1900 == | == Continental expansion & overseas territories, 1865-1900 == | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" | {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" | ||
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=== "Closing of the Frontier" - admission of western states === | |||
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|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
| | |[[File:1896 United States 1896-05-1898.png|none|thumb|By 1896, New Mexico and Arizona were the last territories (not yet states) in the continental U.S. (the connected land mass of America)]] | ||
| | |'''Westward expansion followed post-Civil War industrialization, railroad building, and population growth''' | ||
* with railroads connecting the entire country from coast to coast, the country was fully interconnected for travel (people) and trade (goods) | |||
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| | === Spanish-American War, 1898 === | ||
[[File:American Empire1 1024px.png|border|none|thumb|American territories and possessions, including the continental United States (the "lower 48" states), Alaska, Hawaii, Philppines, Puerto Rico, Cuba and the Panama Canal, approx. 1900]] | |||
|'''in 1898, the US attacked the Spanish colonies of the Philippines (Asia, Cuba and Puerto Rico (both in the Caribbean Sea)''' | |||
* the goal of this war was to "liberate" those places from Spanish rule | |||
* however, the United States kept Puerto Rico as a territory | |||
* Cuba and Philippines later gained full independence from US occupation and rule | |||
|} | |} | ||