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US Constitution study guide: Difference between revisions

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'''{{#tip-text:[Amendment 9 overview]|Ninth Amendment
'''{{#tip-text:[Amendment 9 overview]|Ninth Amendment
*  
* affirms that the rights of the people are not limited to the rights that are "enumerated," or, explicitly stated, in the Constitution
* }}'''
* it may seem obvious to people today that the rights of the people extend well past those protected by the original Constitution, as well as by subsequent amendments
** however, it remains a significant limit upon the powers of the central government
** and affirms that the rights of the people are not derived from the government
* the Federalists (see Hamilton No. 84) argued that this Amendment sufficed to preserve all the rights of the people
** thereby a "bill or rights" would be unecessary
** additionally, he reasoned, enumerating a bill of rights would risk limiting the rights of the people to the rights listed in a bill or rights
** subsequently, judicial review has accomplished the same, but Hamilton's warning remains cogent (logical), as the Courts can only rule on disputes in the law
** the Ninth amendment has been rarely adjudicated (ruled on by the Courts)
** it was invoked in by the Court in ''Griswold v. Connecticut'' (1965)* }}'''


The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
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*  
*  
* }}'''
* }}'''
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States|* "prohibited by it to the states"
*
* }}''', are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
 
'''{{#tip-text:[Amendment 9 overview]|Ninth Amendment
* "retains" or holds/ reserves all powers not "delegated" (given) to the Federal government under the Constitution to the states and/or the people
 
 
* }}'''
 
 
 
 
 
== Amendments XI-XVII


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