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==== modal verbs ====
==== modal verbs ====
>>  Modal Verbs: Definition & Usage Examples | Grammarly Blog
>>  Modal Verbs: Definition & Usage Examples | Grammarly Blog
== Other parts of speech==
== particle ==
=== particle ===
* a word that does not fit a specific Part of Speech  
* a word that does not fit a specific Part of Speech  
** and that does not change with inflection (word endings for case, gender, number)
* and that does not change with inflection (word endings for case, gender, number)
* sometimes called a "function word"
** because it doesn't have a specific meaning unto itself


==== adverbial particles ===  
=== adverbial particles ===
* typically, particles are prepositions that do not accompany a noun
* typically, particles are prepositions that do not accompany a noun
** instead, they follow a verb to indicate a direction, topic, or other prepositional purpose for the verb
** instead, they follow a verb to indicate a direction, topic, or other prepositional purpose for the verb
** particles: ''about, n up'' as in:
** particles: ''away, down, in, off, up'', etc. as in:
*** wake up, knock out, look up, sit down''
*** "get away, wake up, knock out, look up, sit down''
*** these examples are, together, ''phrasal verbs''
*** these examples are, together, ''phrasal verbs''
** particle + preposition
** particle + preposition
*** particles frequently are followed by a prepositional phrase, in which the particle (a preposition) is next to a preposition
*** particles frequently are followed by a prepositional phrase, in which the particle (a preposition) is next to a preposition
**** ''keep up with the pack, put up with her stubbornness, look forward to leaving''
**** ''keep up with the pack, put up with her stubbornness, look forward to leaving''
* see
** https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/particle-grammar/
=== discourse particle ===
* a word that acts as a verbal marker that doesn't have specific meaning
** tends to be informal, or oral and not written
** ''Now, my friend, let us talk''
** ''Well, now, what are we to do about this?''
=== infinitive particle ===
* "to" is a preposition as well as an "infinitive marker"
* i.e., it creates the infinitive form of a verb, ''to be, to love, to talk''
** it's more common to simply describe this combination of particle + verb as an "infinitive"
=== negative particle ===
* not = indicates the opposite or negation
** "I will '''not''' get up today"
*** note that both "no" and "up" are particles