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Parts of speech: Difference between revisions

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== adjective ==
== Adjective ==
=== modify nouns ===
=== modify nouns ===
* nouns = things
* nouns = things
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***** *note that "compound words" can be either "open", as in "boy scout" or full moon" or closed, as in "bullfrog" or "mailbox" or hyphenated, as in "long-term" or "on-campus"
***** *note that "compound words" can be either "open", as in "boy scout" or full moon" or closed, as in "bullfrog" or "mailbox" or hyphenated, as in "long-term" or "on-campus"


== adverb ==
== Adverb ==
=== modify verbs ===
=== modify verbs ===
* adverbs provide additional information about an action (verbs), including:
* adverbs provide additional information about an action (verbs), including:
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** this source argumes that "yesterday, today" etc. are nouns: [https://parentingpatch.com/are-yesterday-today-and-tomorrow-nouns-or-adverbs/ Are ‘Yesterday,’ ‘Today’, and ‘Tomorrow’ Nouns or Adverbs? (parentingpatch.com]
** this source argumes that "yesterday, today" etc. are nouns: [https://parentingpatch.com/are-yesterday-today-and-tomorrow-nouns-or-adverbs/ Are ‘Yesterday,’ ‘Today’, and ‘Tomorrow’ Nouns or Adverbs? (parentingpatch.com]


== article ==
== Article ==
* indicates a specific or general reference to a noun
* indicates a specific or general reference to a noun
** articles are sometimes listed under the category of "determiner"
** articles are sometimes listed under the category of "determiner"
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** [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/articles/ What Are Articles?]
** [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/articles/ What Are Articles?]


== conjunction ==
== Conjunction ==


== determiner ==
== Determiner ==
* introduces a noun or indicates an amount, specificity, or generality of a noun
* introduces a noun or indicates an amount, specificity, or generality of a noun
** determiners are traditionally considered adjectives, as they modify nouns
** determiners are traditionally considered adjectives, as they modify nouns
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** note that these possessive indicators are actually pronouns, but they are considered "determiners" in that they are used to specify ownership of something\
** note that these possessive indicators are actually pronouns, but they are considered "determiners" in that they are used to specify ownership of something\


== interjection ==
== Interjection ==
* aside remarks or interruptions  
* aside remarks or interruptions  
* an exclamation
* an exclamation
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</div>
</div>


== noun ==
== Noun ==
* persons, places, things
* persons, places, things
* proper nouns
* proper nouns
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*** ""The man, his son and his daughter looked around the isles, compared prices, and bought new shoes, shirts and hats."
*** ""The man, his son and his daughter looked around the isles, compared prices, and bought new shoes, shirts and hats."


=== Consecutive nouns ===
=== consecutive nouns ===
* nouns can be next to one another in a sentence
* nouns can be next to one another in a sentence
* if so, they may represent either:
* if so, they may represent either:
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** possessive nouns (one noun possesses another: "the dog's bone" or "his book")
** possessive nouns (one noun possesses another: "the dog's bone" or "his book")


==== Consecutive nouns as direct and indirect objects ====
==== consecutive nouns as direct and indirect objects ====
{{Consecutive nouns as multiple objects}}
{{Consecutive nouns as multiple objects}}


==== Consecutive noun as modifier (appositive) ====
==== consecutive noun as modifier (appositive) ====
{{Noun as modifier}}
{{Noun as modifier}}


=== Possessive nouns ===
=== possessive nouns ===


* nouns may possess (or own) one another
* nouns may possess (or own) one another
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** other pronoun contractions don't use
** other pronoun contractions don't use


=== Plurality, count distinction & generality ===
=== plurality, count distinction & generality ===
* plurality = noun shifts from singuar to plural, usually marked by the suffix "-s"
* plurality = noun shifts from singuar to plural, usually marked by the suffix "-s"
** i.e., ''a dog, two dogs''
** i.e., ''a dog, two dogs''
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**** as in "much water" << one cannot count "water", although "much" indicates a large amount of water
**** as in "much water" << one cannot count "water", although "much" indicates a large amount of water


== preposition ==
== Preposition ==
* express relationship in time, place, or sequence
* express relationship in time, place, or sequence
* add information to a sentence  
* add information to a sentence  
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** [[https://www.brighthubeducation.com/english-homework-help/46995-the-nominal-functions-of-prepositions-and-prepositional-phrases/ How to Use Prepositions as Subjects, Subject Complements, and Direct Objects (brighthub.com)]]
** [[https://www.brighthubeducation.com/english-homework-help/46995-the-nominal-functions-of-prepositions-and-prepositional-phrases/ How to Use Prepositions as Subjects, Subject Complements, and Direct Objects (brighthub.com)]]


== pronoun ==
== Pronoun ==
* "pro" = for; "noun"
* "pro" = for; "noun"
* refer to a noun in oder to avoid repetition
* refer to a noun in oder to avoid repetition
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** see [https://www.dummies.com/education/language-arts/grammar/how-to-pick-pronouns-for-comparisons/ How to Pick Pronouns for Comparisons (Dummies)]
** see [https://www.dummies.com/education/language-arts/grammar/how-to-pick-pronouns-for-comparisons/ How to Pick Pronouns for Comparisons (Dummies)]


==== "She is better at it than me" va "She is better at it than I"? ====
==== prepositions in comparisons ====
 
* "She is better at it than me" vs "She is better at it than I"?  
* both work  
** both work:
** "than I' = "She is better than I am"  << = "than" is a conjunction
*** "than I' = "She is better than I am"  << = "than" is a conjunction
** "than me" = She is better at it than me" < = "than" is a preposition
*** "than me" = She is better at it than me" < = "than" is a preposition
* see [[List of word parts of speech & their grammar rules|List of word parts of speech & their grammar rules - School4Schools.com Teacher Lesson Planner & Student Study Guide]]  
* see [[List of word parts of speech & their grammar rules|List of word parts of speech & their grammar rules - School4Schools.com Teacher Lesson Planner & Student Study Guide]]  


== verb ==
== Verb ==
* express action or a state of being (a condition)
* express action or a state of being (a condition)
* verb forms:
* verb forms:
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*** predicate = "the portion of a sentence which makes a claim about the subject" [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_(grammar) Predicate (grammar) (wikipedia)]
*** predicate = "the portion of a sentence which makes a claim about the subject" [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_(grammar) Predicate (grammar) (wikipedia)]


=== Verb "moods" ===  
=== verb "moods" ===  
* "grammatical moods" = a feature of verbs whereby the speaker "inflects" or expresses an idea by modifying tone and emphasis for a specific meaning
* "grammatical moods" = a feature of verbs whereby the speaker "inflects" or expresses an idea by modifying tone and emphasis for a specific meaning
* there are four general grammatical moods for verbs:
* there are four general grammatical moods for verbs: