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Social Studies skills: Difference between revisions
→Fallacies and logical tricks
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** David Hume | ** David Hume | ||
=== | === Logical fallacies and tricks === | ||
* begging the question | * begging the question | ||
* broken leg fallacy | |||
** presents a solution for a problem caused by that or a related solution | |||
** i.e, break the leg, then offer to fix it | |||
* confusing credentials for evidence | * confusing credentials for evidence | ||
** i.e., "98% of dentists recommend flossing" | ** i.e., "98% of dentists recommend flossing" | ||
*** does not provide evidence for the benefits of flossing, just that supposed experts say so | *** does not provide evidence for the benefits of flossing, just that supposed experts say so | ||
* | * fallacy of relevance | ||
* ''ignoratio elenchi'' an argument that misses the point | * ''ignoratio elenchi'' an argument that misses the point | ||
* non sequitur | * non sequitur | ||
** " Humpty Dumptying" or "Humpty Dumptyisms": | ** " Humpty Dumptying" or "Humpty Dumptyisms": | ||
** = an "arbitrary redefinition" like that used by Humpty Dumpty in "Alice in Wonderland" | ** = an "arbitrary redefinition" like that used by Humpty Dumpty in "Alice in Wonderland" | ||
** who tells Alice, "“When I use a word it means just what I choose it to mean—neither more nor less.” | ** who tells Alice, "“When I use a word it means just what I choose it to mean—neither more nor less.” | ||
* red herring | |||
* strawman fallacy | |||
** = the target of an argument (the "strawman") has nothing to do with the actual argument | |||
* either-or fallacy | |||
** incorrectly argues only two options or possibilities | |||
* see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies | * see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies | ||
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** i.e., "because you deny it, it must be true" | ** i.e., "because you deny it, it must be true" | ||
* the term refers to the dystopian novel by Franz Kafka "The Trial," in which a man's denial of a charge was used as evidence of his guilt | * the term refers to the dystopian novel by Franz Kafka "The Trial," in which a man's denial of a charge was used as evidence of his guilt | ||
* the "Kafka trap" was coined by Eric Raymond as "Kafkatrapping" in 2010 article | * the "Kafka trap" was coined by Eric Raymond as "Kafkatrapping" in 2010 article | ||
=== Leading questions and question traps === | === Leading questions and question traps === | ||