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US Constitution study guide: Difference between revisions
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* that Representatives must be 25 years old, Senators 30 and the President 35 reflects the concepts of "checks and balances" and the "republican principle," which held that the people should be governed by virtuous rulers (assumes that the older are the more virtuous))}}''', and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. | * that Representatives must be 25 years old, Senators 30 and the President 35 reflects the concepts of "checks and balances" and the "republican principle," which held that the people should be governed by virtuous rulers (assumes that the older are the more virtuous))}}''', and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. | ||
Representatives and direct Taxes shall be '''{{#tip-text: apportioned| | Representatives and direct Taxes shall be '''{{#tip-text: apportioned|Apportionment: | ||
* = dividing up, or allotting (distributing) | * = dividing up, or allotting (distributing) | ||
* = counting the population for representation in the House of Representatives or for dividing up the population for taxes}}''' among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, | * = counting the population for representation in the House of Representatives or for dividing up the population for taxes}}''' among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, '''{{#tip-text:three fifths of all other Persons|Known as the "3/5ths Clause": | ||
* = "apportionment" of the slave population as every 1 slave = 3/4ths of 1 population count for purposes of calculating representation in the House | * = "apportionment" of the slave population as every 1 slave = 3/4ths of 1 population count for purposes of calculating representation in the House | ||
* = a compromise was reached during the Constitutional Convention to settle the problem of representation for slaves who were not considered citizens | * = a compromise was reached during the Constitutional Convention to settle the problem of representation for slaves who were not considered citizens | ||
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* but not within the states | * but not within the states | ||
* however, the Congress and the Courts have extended that power to regulation just about any economic activity, even within a state because of its impact upon "inter-state" commerce | * however, the Congress and the Courts have extended that power to regulation just about any economic activity, even within a state because of its impact upon "inter-state" commerce | ||
* the Courts have alternatively extended and restricted this power, but it is now a general power of Congress to regulate all commerce, i.e. just about anything}}''', and with the Indian Tribes; To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States; To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current Coin of the United States; To establish Post Offices and post Roads; | * the Courts have alternatively extended and restricted this power, but it is now a general power of Congress to regulate all commerce, i.e. just about anything}}''', and with the Indian Tribes; To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States; To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current Coin of the United States; To establish Post Offices and post Roads; To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the '''{{#tip-text:exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries|Patents and Copyrights: | ||
* the Constitution protects "intellectual property" of inventions and "copyrights" (publications, generally) | * the Constitution protects "intellectual property" of inventions and "copyrights" (publications, generally) | ||
* but only for limited times | * but only for limited times | ||