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Ancient Egypt: Difference between revisions
→Pyramids: mastaba early tomb structures
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** thus the Benben represents creation and the origin of the sun | ** thus the Benben represents creation and the origin of the sun | ||
** early Egyptians built large earth mounds to represent the the rising land of creation, which was subsequently represented in a pyramid shape of a single block of stone, thus the Benben | ** early Egyptians built large earth mounds to represent the the rising land of creation, which was subsequently represented in a pyramid shape of a single block of stone, thus the Benben | ||
=== pre-Dynastic & early Old Kingdom tombs & monumental structures === | |||
[[File:Mastaba-faraoun-3.jpg|thumb|Example of a mastaba, a built-up structure over underground tomb]] | |||
* early Egyptians built elaborate underground burial tombs for kings & elites | |||
** some tombs | |||
* these underground tombs began to build up above ground with mud bricks | |||
* mastaba | |||
** = Arabic term for "bench of mud" | |||
** ancient Egyptians called it, "house of stability" | |||
* rectangular, flat-top, mudbrick structure, up to 30 ft high | |||
** bricks were made of clay from the Nile banks, formed and sun-dried | |||
** possibly related to similar Mesopotamian structures | |||
* mastabas were built to protect burial grounds from animals and robbers | |||
** mummification began with these structures, as they did not allow for natural mummification in the ground | |||
* features included: | |||
** chapel-like area above ground for ceremonies and offerings of food & other funerary offerings for the dead | |||
*** the chapel area had a false door to protect against robbers | |||
** oriented North-South, which was important for the buried's access to the afterlife | |||
** two underground chambers, one for the dead and another for materials & goods for the afterlife | |||
* mastabas were continued to be built into the Middle Kingdom | |||
** increasingly complex over time | |||
** some structures began to take shape of pyramids, which were adopted for kings | |||
==== Old Kingdom early pyramid building ==== | ==== Old Kingdom early pyramid building ==== | ||
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** emulated ancient Egyptian pharaonic practices | ** emulated ancient Egyptian pharaonic practices | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
=== Pyramid building & engineering === | === Pyramid building & engineering === | ||
* materials | * materials | ||