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Parts of speech: Difference between revisions
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== adjective == | == adjective == | ||
=== modify nouns === | |||
* | * nouns = things | ||
* adjectives add additional information to "qualify" or "modify" the noun in order to create a more specific meaning, ex.: | |||
** "I wore the shoes" v. "I wore the ''comfortable'' shoes" | ** "I wore the shoes" v. "I wore the ''comfortable'' shoes" | ||
*** the idea changes from "I wore shoes" (in general) to the kind of shoes I wore, i.e, "the ''comfortable'' ones" | *** the idea changes from "I wore shoes" (in general) to the kind of shoes I wore, i.e, "the ''comfortable'' ones" | ||
* adjectives do not change | === remain singular === | ||
** i.e. "the red shoe" | * adjectives do not change to match plural nouns | ||
** i.e. "the red shoe" >> "the red shoes" and not "the reds shoes" | |||
*** whether or not "shoe" is singular or plural, the adjective remains the same | *** whether or not "shoe" is singular or plural, the adjective remains the same | ||
**** other languages require singular/plural matching, such as "la chaussure rouge" ("the red shoe) v. "las chaussures rouges" (the reds shoes) | **** other languages require singular/plural matching, such as "la chaussure rouge" ("the red shoe) v. "las chaussures rouges" (the reds shoes) | ||
=== general uses of adjectives === | |||
* adjectives clarify ''what kind'', ''what characteristic'', ''what size'', ''which details", etc. | * adjectives clarify ''what kind'', ''what characteristic'', ''what size'', ''which details", etc. | ||
** what kind: "the regular class" | ** what kind: "the regular class" | ||
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*** numbers are not technically adjectives, although they can operate like them | *** numbers are not technically adjectives, although they can operate like them | ||
**** "the third class" = a qualification of which class (among others) | **** "the third class" = a qualification of which class (among others) | ||
=== nouns and verbs as adjectives === | |||
**** "dog food" = "dog" describes the kind of food, even though "dog" is a noun" | * when a noun or an adverb modify a noun, they are acting like adjectives | ||
**** "cooked food" = "cooked" describes the kind of food, even though "cook" is a verb | ** see "Noun as modifier (attributive)" below | ||
*** ex.: "dog food" = "dog" describes the kind of food, even though "dog" is a noun" | |||
** see "past participle" under Verbs | |||
*** ex.: "cooked food" = "cooked" describes the kind of food, even though "cook" is a verb | |||
=== adjectives following subject-verb === | |||
* sometimes adjectives stand alone following a verb | * sometimes adjectives stand alone following a verb | ||
** ex. "Josephus felt sad" | ** ex. "Josephus felt sad" | ||
** | ** here the adjective "sad" is modifying the subject (noun) "Josephus" | ||
** | ** the adjective is not modifying the verb "felt" | ||
*** if it were, it would an adverb, as in "Josephus felt badly for the hurt boy" | |||
**** "badly" = adverb that modifies the verb "felt | |||
** verbs that may be followed by an adjective (and not an object/noun) include: | ** verbs that may be followed by an adjective (and not an object/noun) include: | ||
*** be, feel, taste, smell, sound, sound, look, appear, seem | *** ''be, feel, taste, smell, sound, sound, look, appear, seem'' | ||
== adverb == | == adverb == | ||