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Indo-European word origins in proto-Indo-European (PIE) language: Difference between revisions

Indo-European word origins in proto-Indo-European (PIE) language (view source)

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{| class="wikitable"  
{| class="wikitable"  
| '''Proto-Indo-European''' ||'''ENGLISH''' ||'''LATIN''' ||'''SPANISH''' ||'''FRENCH'''  
| '''Proto-Indo-European'''|| '''MODERN ENGLISH''' ||'''OLD ENGLISH''' ||'''LATIN''' ||'''SPANISH''' ||'''FRENCH''' || '''GERMAN'''
|-  
|-  
| colspan="5" style="text-align: center;" | '''Family'''
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Family, Kinship, Rulers'''
|-
|-
| *méH₂tēr-
| *méH₂tēr-
|| data col 2
||  
|| data col 3
||  
|| data col 4
||  
|| data col 5
||  
||
||
|-  
|-  
| *pH₂tér-
| *pH₂tér-
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-
|-
| data col 1 bʰréH₂ter-
| data col 1 bʰréH₂ter-
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *swésor
| data col 1 *swésor
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *dʰugH₂-tér-
| data col 1 *dʰugH₂-tér-
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *suHnú- "son"
| data col 1 *suHnú- "son"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *wiH-ro- << man n/a in Eng, OE wer  
| data col 1 *wiH-ro- << man n/a in Eng, OE wer  
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *h₃rḗǵs  ruler, king/rex
| data col 1 *h₃rḗǵs  ruler, king/rex
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| colspan="5 style="text-align: center;" | '''Pronouns'''
| colspan="5 style="text-align: center;" | '''Pronouns'''
|-
|-
| data col 1 egH₂ "I"
| data col 1 egH₂ "I"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 H₁me-
| data col 1 H₁me-
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *tu "you"
| data col 1 *tu "you"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *wei "we"; *n̥s-mé, encl. *nos "us"
| data col 1 *wei "we"; *n̥s-mé, encl. *nos "us"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *kʷid, kʷod "what"
| data col 1 *kʷid, kʷod "what"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *kʷis, kʷos, kʷei/kʷoi "who"
| data col 1 *kʷis, kʷos, kʷei/kʷoi "who"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| colspan="5" style="text-align: center;" | '''Numbers'''
| colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | '''Numbers'''
|-
|-
| data col 1 *sem- "one, together"
| data col 1 *sem- "one, together"
|| 
||
||
||
||
||
|-
| data col 1 *dwóH₁ , neut. *dwóy(H₁) "two"
|| data col 2  
|| data col 2  
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||  
|| data col 5
||  
|-
||  
| data col 1 *dwóH₁ , neut. *dwóy(H₁) "two"|| data col 2
||  
|| data col 3
|| data col 4
|| data col 5
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *tréyes (fem. *tisres,[63] neut. *tríH₂) "three"|| data col 2
| data col 1 *tréyes (fem. *tisres,[63] neut. *tríH₂) "three"
|| data col 3
|| 
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *kʷetwóres (fem. *kʷétesres, neut. *kʷetwṓr) "four"
| data col 1 *kʷetwóres (fem. *kʷétesres, neut. *kʷetwṓr) "four"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *pénkʷe "five"
| data col 1 *pénkʷe "five"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *swék̂s "six"
| data col 1 *swék̂s "six"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *septḿ̥ "seven"
| data col 1 *septḿ̥ "seven"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 H₁ok̂tō(u) "eight"
| data col 1 H₁ok̂tō(u) "eight"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *(H₁)néwn̥ "nine"
| data col 1 *(H₁)néwn̥ "nine"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *dék̂m̥t "ten"
| data col 1 *dék̂m̥t "ten"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *k̂m̥tóm "hundred" < *dk̂m̥tóm
| data col 1 *k̂m̥tóm "hundred" < *dk̂m̥tóm
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| colspan="5" style="text-align: center;" | '''Body parts'''
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Body parts'''
|-
|-
| data col 1 *káput ~ *kap-wét-s "head
| data col 1 *káput ~ *kap-wét-s "head
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *dn̥ĝʰuH₂-, *dn̥ĝʰwéH₂ "tongue"
| data col 1 *dn̥ĝʰuH₂-, *dn̥ĝʰwéH₂ "tongue"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 ĝ(o)nH₂dʰos "jaw, cheek, chin"
| data col 1 ĝ(o)nH₂dʰos "jaw, cheek, chin"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *ĝénu, ĝnéus "knee
| data col 1 *ĝénu, ĝnéus "knee
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *H₁dónt-, *H₁dn̥t- "tooth"
| data col 1 *H₁dónt-, *H₁dn̥t- "tooth"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *H₃okʷ- "eye"
| data col 1 *H₃okʷ- "eye"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *k̂erd- "heart"; *k̂red-dʰē- "to believe"
| data col 1 *k̂erd- "heart"; *k̂red-dʰē- "to believe"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *nas- "nose"
| data col 1 *nas- "nose"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| colspan="5" style="text-align: center;" | '''Animals'''
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Animals'''
|-
|-
| data col 1 *ék̂wos "horse", "fast animal"
| data col 1 *ék̂wos "horse", "fast animal"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *gʷōus "cattle"[i][10
| data col 1 *gʷōus "cattle"[i][10
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *H₂ówi- "sheep "
| data col 1 *H₂ówi- "sheep "
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *k̂won- "hound, dog
| data col 1 *k̂won- "hound, dog
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *wl̥kʷos "wolf"
| data col 1 *wl̥kʷos "wolf"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| colspan="5" style="text-align: center;" | '''Food'''
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Food'''
|-
|-
| data col 1 *médʰu "honey", "mead"
| data col 1 *médʰu "honey", "mead"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *tuh₂-ró-s "cheese"[1
| data col 1 *tuh₂-ró-s "cheese"[1
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
| data col 1 *séh₂ls "salt"
| data col 1 *séh₂ls "salt"
|| data col 2
||
|| data col 3
||
|| data col 4
||
|| data col 5
||  
||  
||  
|-  
|-  
|}
|}
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