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Social Studies skills: Difference between revisions
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=== | == Cognitive biases == | ||
=== Dunning–Kruger effect === | |||
* the cognitive bias of overestimation of one's own competency and lack of awareness of one's own limited competence | |||
* an error in self-awareness whereby a person cannot evaluate his or her own competency | |||
** called "illusory superiority" | |||
** the effect also shows that people of high ability tend to underestimate their own competence | |||
** original study was entitled, "Why People Fail to Recognize Their Own Incompetence" | |||
*** "the miscalibration of the incompetent stems from an error about the self, whereas the miscalibration of the highly competent stems from an error about others." | |||
*** the authors later explained that the Dunning–Kruger effect "suggests that poor performers are not in a position to recognize the shortcomings in their performance" | |||
=== Peter principle === | |||
* the idea that people within an organization tend to rise to their "level of competency" | |||
** started as a satirical observation of how companies promote people | |||
*** the observation is largely accurate that people will be promoted to higher levels until they are no longer able to demonstrate competency at some level, and will therefore not be promoted again | |||
* the Peter Principle may help explain why historical actors rise and then become mediocre at their pinnacle | |||
=== Confirmation bias === | |||
== other theories & conceptual tools == | |||
=== regression to the mean === | |||
==External Resources== | ==External Resources== | ||