Hatshepsut notes to do

Egypt: mlb notes on videos

related to article Ancient Egypt Outline [cateogry: Ancient Egypt]

includes Thutmose, Ramses, Moses, etc.

Hatshepsut 1503-1482

all the pyramids had been robbed... period of lawlessness... new stahbility under her father Tutmoses sp? he needed new place to be buried... “Valley of the Kings” ...>>remote Thutmoses: (toot-mose) attacked Nubia, Sudan ... passed over 4 cataracts... further than any Egyptian military had ever gone...

Hatshepsut was sole survivor of 5 children of her parents

No word in ancient egyptian for “queen” ... only “king’s wife” ... then “minor wife” ... then “concubines” each wanted their sons to be King

Thutmose died, Hatshepsut was 12 ... she married her half-brother... son of a minor wife... he needed her for legitimacy Tutmoses II ... uneventful... went on no military ventures, no major temples/tombs ... had only one child, a daughter he died when she was 32

Hatshepsut... built a huge mortuary temple...

built obelisks ... made of granite... quarried as single piece... only stone strong enough ... spots where taken still seen ... dragged on sleds, and taken by barge height: 97 ft high, 350 tons/ each how did they raise them? >> lowered down ramp onto base, then pulled upright ... nothing is holding them up>> just its own weight and perfect balance She made them as a monument for her fatrher... inscribed: >>get inscription “lord of Thebes... making for him two great obelisks...”

Hatshepsut to herself... 1,000 tons, still in the quarry cracked while being pounded free ... the granite was flawed

Nobility built their own temples along the Nile >> Egypt prospered

Tutmoses II’s son by a minor wife challenged Hatps

If she let him be King, his wife would be queen & she’d lose power... so she changed her title from “King’s Great Wife” to “King” >>>she became a Pharaoh >> used false beard, and clothes of the pharaoh, the kilt

Could only do this b/c she was an effective leader She became a God>> but had to play the part of a male

She led troops in battle... near present-day Aswan... she fought the Nubians

Sailed down the coast of the Red Sea... towards Sudan/ Etheopia ... 1st such trip in her period Hatp. recorded it on the walls of her temple... shows her meeting a tribe (“Punt”) 1st depiction of tribal life in history...

Her royal adviser, Selmut sp? was so important that she buried him in a royal tomb (hers?)

Her son Hutmoses III Hatshepsut >>son?? greatest miltary leader... invaded Mesopatamia... used Hapst. legacy in the military

He erased her memory... her history... decided that Egypt could not have had a woman king

�Ramses II (Ramses the Great) - reigned for 67 years -- 1290-1224

Greatest leader of Ancient Egypt fighter father of 100+ children likely the pharaoh of the Old Testament .. and therefore, the only preserved body from the bible.. .mummy .. the only battle he lost was against the Isrealites

Statues at Memphis in the Norht... all the way to the bottom of Egypt in the South

His father declared “You can expect great things from my reign”

Ramses: built temple -- not a tomb -- an icon for Egypt... in Nubia...the large, seated statues at Abu-Senvil... 67 ft high... sculpted out of a mountain (inspiration for Mt. Rushmore). ... >> pure propaganda... he wanted Nubia to fear him Nubia = Egypt’s source of gold anyone sailing to Egypt up the Nile, they’d have to pass the statues >> placed himself next to statues of Gods... same size >> also built a statue of his wife

He moved the capital from Memphis (near present Cairo) to the mouth of the Delta >> called it Ramessi... >> military purpose: launching raids agasinst Syria and Lybia

Battle of Kadesh (in Syria)... the equivalent to G.Wash crossing the Delaware >> most documented event in ancient Egyptian history >>Kadesh was controlled by Hittites (from Turkey) >>separated himself from his main troops... was trapped, and against 40,000 troops >> Hittites charged in chariotts, with main troops waiting to attack afterwords >> Ramses personally took control under the guidance of Amun >> He charged six times ... and drove off the Hittite chariots >> ended in standoff, but to Ramses’ advantage... they agreed to a truce >> Ramses put the tale of the battle on the walls of all his temples

Moses: - 600,000 Israelites left Egypt (per Bible) - They had grown too numerous in the Delta... Ramses demanded they build new cities “Pithom and Raamses” to store Egyptian Army supplies - Israelites asked for 3 days off... Ramses punished them.. withheld their straw for making bricks... straw used in brick making... gives it form and structure... he forced the Israelites to grow and harvest their own straw... - Moses demonstrates against this... throws staff on the ground and it turns into a Cobra ... >> snake charmers put cobras on their heads tied into circle, just like on the pharaoh statues >> casts 10 plagues upon Egypt >> nile turning red, plagues, locusts, sandstorms... = natural disasters >> the 10th is the only that is not natural... kills all the 1st born of Eygpt... he relents and the Exodus begins >> He chases the Israelites with his chariots... the parting of the waters miracle Red Sea >> Pharaoh’s army swallowed by the closing waters >> Sea of reeds... perhaps explains it... on foot can cross but not on chariott >> no record of the Exodus in the Eygptian records.. didn’t record their defeats >> story of Joseph.. sold into slavery by his brothers... has ability to interpret dreams... the pharaoh wants him.. dream of 7 fat cows, then being eaten, 7 fat ears of corn, then eaten.. Joseph says it means 7 yrs prosperity, 7 yrs famine... Ramses heeds the advice... Egypt survives...

- Radical change in his behavior - defeat against Moses - death of first born son -- signs peace treaty with Hittites - non-aggression, end to hostilities - promise not to trespass on Hittite lands

Valley of Queens: built for his beleoved queen Nefatari (sp) - he never fought again after she died (for 40 years) - he concentrated on building tombs... lived so long, so many of his family died