US History timeline & concept chart: 10th-16th centuries pre-colonial Native Americans to early North American colonization (Spanish, French, Dutch): Difference between revisions
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''' | '''US History timeline & concept chart: early North American colonization''' | ||
''article under construction'' | ''article under construction'' | ||
Objective: | Objective: | ||
* [[US History timeline & concept chart: periods, events & themes]] | * [[US History timeline & concept chart: periods, events & themes]] | ||
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See also: | See also: | ||
* << to do | * << to do | ||
Unit BIG IDEAS | |||
Native American economies | |||
* hunting / gathering | |||
* farming | |||
* trade | |||
Colonial economies & motives | |||
* Spanish/ Portuguese | |||
** resources extraction | |||
*** Native American slave labor | |||
*** African slave labor | |||
** Evangelism / religion | |||
* Dutch/French/English: | |||
** trade | |||
Colonial settlement & growth patterns | |||
* Spanish | |||
** mixed races / caste system | |||
*** origin / racial composition | |||
*** ''Peninsulares ='' Spanish born in Spain | |||
*** ''Criolles'' = Spanish born in colonies | |||
*** Mestizos = mixed Spanish/Native American | |||
*** Native American | |||
* English colonial population growth | |||
** English | |||
*** farming settlements | |||
*** frontier | |||
* French settlement | |||
** mixed races | |||
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|} | |} | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== | === post-Columbian exchange changes === | ||
* trade, especially fur trade | |||
* technological and economic exchange changed intra-tribal power dynamics, including: | |||
* iron tools and weapons, guns, horses | |||
** colonial and European trade and currencies/ value systems | |||
* tribal leverage of colonial contacts for competition & expansion | |||
|| | |||
'''BIG IDEAS''' | |||
[[File:Early Localization Native Americans NY.svg|thumb|Map of the New York tribes before European arrival: Iroquoian tribes Algonquian tribes]] | |||
* Northeastern Native American tribal alliances | |||
** '''Iroquois''' tribes | |||
*** located west and south of the St. Lawrence River | |||
*** generally aligned with the British | |||
** '''Algonquin''' tribes | |||
[[File:Algonquian langs.png|thumb|Pre-contact distribution of Algonquian languages]] | |||
*** generally aligned with the French | |||
*** located east and north of the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes | |||
'''DETAILS''' | |||
* '''Iroquois League''', established c. 1450 (prior to Columbus), lasted to 1660 | |||
** confederacy of Iroquois speaking tribes: Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca | |||
** the most powerful of Indian alliances | |||
** ''Iroquois'' = French name given to the tribes | |||
** to the Iroquois, their name was "Haudenosaunee" for "People of the Longhouse" | |||
** the League was known to the English as '''Five Nations''' | |||
*** later Six Nations after Tuscarora joined in 1722) | |||
** NOTE: “nation” or “clans” = better descriptor than “tribes” but collections of tribes who share certain commonalities, viz location, language, leadership, conquest, adoption | |||
** the League negotiated w/ English, maintained independence | |||
** opposed to the Algonquian, which were aligned w/ French, but some Iroquois settled in French held territory and aligned w/ them | |||
*** was also opposed to the Iroquois-speaking '''Huron''' tribes | |||
** to control the Beaver trade, the Iroquois League sought: | |||
*** to control the St. Lawrence River system & lower Great Lakes | |||
*** to control the Ohio Valley | |||
** Iroquois succeeded in controlling Ohio valley by 1670 | |||
*** and pushed other tribes further west, such as the Lakotas and the Shawnee | |||
** Iroquois expansion also included western Maryland and Virginia | |||
* '''Wabanaki Confederacy''', 1680s | |||
** alliance of four main and ten other Algonquian tribes in '''Acadia''' | |||
*** Acadia =New France province in modern Maine | |||
** organized to oppose New England encroachment on lands above settled boundary on the Kennebec River in modern Maine | |||
** '''Wabanaki'' means " "People of the Dawn" or "Easterner" | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
== Post-Columbian indigenous peoples overview == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! '''PERIOD / TIMELINE''' | ! '''PERIOD / TIMELINE''' | ||
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! cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events''' | ! cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events''' | ||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
| | | '''PERIOD / TIMELINE''' | ||
* | * 1492+ Post-Columbian | ||
|| | || | ||
=== | === linguistic and cultural areas === | ||
=== | === tribal alliances === | ||
=== | === culture === | ||
=== | === architecture === | ||
* Pueblo adobe houses | |||
* Iroquois "longhouses" | |||
* Mound builders | |||
=== land use === | |||
* hunting (extensive forests) | |||
* trade (waterways) | |||
* farming (localized) | |||
* communal ownership | |||
|| | || | ||
'''BIG IDEAS''' | '''BIG IDEAS''' | ||
* | * European entry to Americas changed Indian alliances, cultures, economies & populations | ||
'''DETAILS''' | '''DETAILS''' | ||
* | * Native North American linguistic areas | ||
** | ** Northeast | ||
*** | *** Algonquian | ||
** | *** Iroquoian | ||
*** | ** Southeast and Gulf region | ||
**** | *** Southeastern woodlands | ||
**** | ** Midwest | ||
*** | *** Plains Linguistic Ara | ||
*** | ** Pueblo | ||
*** | ** Western | ||
*** | *** Northern California | ||
* | *** Northwest Coast | ||
* | *** Pacific Northwest | ||
* | *** Plateau | ||
* ''' | * source [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_areas_of_the_Americas Linguistic areas of the Americas (wikipedia)] | ||
** | * Hopewell culture | ||
* Mississippi culture | |||
* '''Reciprocity''' | |||
** Native American concept of sharing of land, resources, and labor | |||
** | ** was part of cultural misunderstanding between European and native populations over land and object ownership | ||
|- | |||
|} | |||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | == Post-Columbian Eastern Native American tribes overview == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! '''PERIOD / TIMELINE''' | |||
! '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes''' | |||
! cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events''' | |||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |||
| | |||
* 1450-1660 Iroquois League<br><br> | |||
* 1680s Wabanaki Confederacy | |||
|| | |||
=== Iroquois League or Confederacy === | |||
* preceded European presence in North America | |||
* originally located south of the Great Lakes | |||
* empowered by and expanded via European fur trade and weapons | |||
|} | |} | ||
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| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
== French North American colonization == | == French North American colonization == | ||
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== Slavery origins in Americas == | |||
== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! '''PERIOD / TIMELINE''' | ! '''PERIOD / TIMELINE''' | ||
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|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
| | | | ||
|| | || | ||
=== transatlantic slave trade === | === transatlantic slave trade === | ||
* "triangular trade " | * "triangular trade " | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
[[category:US History]] | |||
[[category:US History timelines & concept charts]] | |||
[[Category:AP US History]] |
Revision as of 18:27, 21 December 2022
US History timeline & concept chart: early North American colonization
article under construction
Objective:
Main page
Previous timelines:
- n/a
Next timelines:
- US History timeline & concept chart: American colonies 17th & mid-18th centuries
- US History timeline & concept chart: French-Indian War to the American Revolution
- US History timeline & concept chart: U.S. History Decade-by-decade timeline, 1890s-1900
See also:
- << to do
Unit BIG IDEAS
Native American economies
- hunting / gathering
- farming
- trade
Colonial economies & motives
- Spanish/ Portuguese
- resources extraction
- Native American slave labor
- African slave labor
- Evangelism / religion
- resources extraction
- Dutch/French/English:
- trade
Colonial settlement & growth patterns
- Spanish
- mixed races / caste system
- origin / racial composition
- Peninsulares = Spanish born in Spain
- Criolles = Spanish born in colonies
- Mestizos = mixed Spanish/Native American
- Native American
- mixed races / caste system
- English colonial population growth
- English
- farming settlements
- frontier
- English
- French settlement
- mixed races
Pre-Columbian indigenous peoples overview[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
---|---|---|
PERIOD / TIMELINE
|
linguistic and cultural areas[edit | edit source]tribal alliances[edit | edit source]culture[edit | edit source]architecture[edit | edit source]
land use[edit | edit source]
|
BIG IDEAS
DETAILS
|
Age of Exploration and Columbian Exchange[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
---|---|---|
|
political and economic background[edit | edit source]
European motives[edit | edit source]
British John Cabot expedition 1497[edit | edit source]
|
BIG IDEAS
DETAILS
|
post-Columbian exchange changes[edit | edit source]
- trade, especially fur trade
- technological and economic exchange changed intra-tribal power dynamics, including:
- iron tools and weapons, guns, horses
- colonial and European trade and currencies/ value systems
- tribal leverage of colonial contacts for competition & expansion
|| BIG IDEAS
- Northeastern Native American tribal alliances
- Iroquois tribes
- located west and south of the St. Lawrence River
- generally aligned with the British
- Algonquin tribes
- Iroquois tribes
- generally aligned with the French
- located east and north of the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes
DETAILS
- Iroquois League, established c. 1450 (prior to Columbus), lasted to 1660
- confederacy of Iroquois speaking tribes: Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca
- the most powerful of Indian alliances
- Iroquois = French name given to the tribes
- to the Iroquois, their name was "Haudenosaunee" for "People of the Longhouse"
- the League was known to the English as Five Nations
- later Six Nations after Tuscarora joined in 1722)
- NOTE: “nation” or “clans” = better descriptor than “tribes” but collections of tribes who share certain commonalities, viz location, language, leadership, conquest, adoption
- the League negotiated w/ English, maintained independence
- opposed to the Algonquian, which were aligned w/ French, but some Iroquois settled in French held territory and aligned w/ them
- was also opposed to the Iroquois-speaking Huron tribes
- to control the Beaver trade, the Iroquois League sought:
- to control the St. Lawrence River system & lower Great Lakes
- to control the Ohio Valley
- Iroquois succeeded in controlling Ohio valley by 1670
- and pushed other tribes further west, such as the Lakotas and the Shawnee
- Iroquois expansion also included western Maryland and Virginia
- Wabanaki Confederacy, 1680s
- alliance of four main and ten other Algonquian tribes in Acadia
- Acadia =New France province in modern Maine
- organized to oppose New England encroachment on lands above settled boundary on the Kennebec River in modern Maine
- 'Wabanaki means " "People of the Dawn" or "Easterner"
- alliance of four main and ten other Algonquian tribes in Acadia
|- |}
Post-Columbian indigenous peoples overview[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
---|---|---|
PERIOD / TIMELINE
|
linguistic and cultural areas[edit | edit source]tribal alliances[edit | edit source]culture[edit | edit source]architecture[edit | edit source]
land use[edit | edit source]
|
BIG IDEAS
DETAILS
|
Post-Columbian Eastern Native American tribes overview[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
---|---|---|
|
Iroquois League or Confederacy[edit | edit source]
|
Spanish colonization in North America[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events | |
---|---|---|---|
|
Encomienda[edit | edit source]
New Laws[edit | edit source]
Pueblo Revolt[edit | edit source]
Asiento[edit | edit source]
|
BIG IDEAS
DETAILS
|
French North American colonization[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
---|---|---|
|
New France[edit | edit source]
|
BIG IDEAS
DETAILS
|
Dutch North American colonization[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
---|---|---|
|
subsection 1[edit | edit source]
subsection 2[edit | edit source]
|
BIG IDEAS
DETAILS
|
Slavery origins in Americas[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
---|---|---|
transatlantic slave trade[edit | edit source]
|
BIG IDEAS DETAILS
click EXPAND for more on Olaudah Equiano and his memoirs:
To the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and the Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain. My Lords and Gentlemen, Permit me, with the greatest deference and respect, to lay at your feet the following genuine Narrative; the chief design of which is to excite in your august assemblies a sense of compassion for the miseries which the Slave-Trade has entailed on my unfortunate countrymen.
|