and French and English alliances with Native American tribes/ confederations
French-Indian War of 1754-63 was the 4th "Intercolonial War" following King William's War (1688-1697), Queen Anne's War (1702-13) and King George's War (1744-1748)
approx. 70,000 French colonists now under British rule
mostly in Canada
New France included all French colonial claims between the Appalachians and the Mississippi River
consequences of British victory:
Britain gains Canada, Ohio Valley and Florida (all lands east of the Mississippi river)
France ceded Louisiana (lands west of the Mississippi) to Spain
Spain ceded Florida to Britain in exchange for return of British-captured Havana, Cuba
European and tribal alliances
generally,
French aligned with
English aligned with
Native American tribes
details here
Sugar Act of 1764
marked shift in British tax policy from protectionist mercantilism to the imperial system of revenue maximization
the tax on molasses was reduced by half under the theory that the lower rate would yield higher compliance and thus more revenue
the main problem the Act attempted to address was ongoing smuggling of sugar, molassas and rum (trade without paying duties or going through customs offices) between the American colonies and French, Spanish and Dutch colonies in the Caribbean
the Sugar Act of was modifed in 1766
Stamp Act of 1765
tax on any official documentation that required a "stamp" (official seal), inlcluding legal or commercial documents, contracts, licenses, wills, mortgages, publications, advertisements, playing cards (!)
the revenue was to be used in the colonies from which it was collected
the tax was to be paid in "specie" (gold or silver)
offenders were to be tried in "Admiralty Courts" (not colonial courts)
sparked protest and the "Stamp Act Congress" in New York
repealed in 1766
Declaratory Act
Townsend Act
Quebec Act of 1774
>> to add from wikipedia:
Quebec Act of 1774 is passed by the Parliament of Great Britain outlining how the Province of Quebec would be governed as colony, in an attempt to address damage to the economy/society of Quebec. Old boundaries were restored, free practice of Catholicism was guaranteed, and property and civil laws were to be decided according to traditional Canadian laws (thus preserving the Seigneurial system of New France for land ownership), with other matters of law left to English Common Law. The province was left to be governed by a legislative council, with no provision for an elected assembly.
"Intolerable Acts" 1774
from bing to sort
Intolerable Acts (1774):
Also known as the Coercive Acts, these were a series of four punitive measures enacted by the British Parliament in retaliation for acts of colonial resistance.
Alongside the Intolerable Acts, the Quebec Act was also passed, which established a new administration for the territory ceded to Britain after the French and Indian War (1754–63).
The main force of these actions fell on Boston, which was perceived as the center of colonial hostility.
The four Intolerable Acts were:
Boston Port Act: This act closed Boston’s harbor until restitution was made for the destroyed tea during the Boston Tea Party (1773).
Massachusetts Government Act: It abrogated Massachusetts’ colonial charter, reduced it to a crown colony, and replaced the elective local council with an appointive one.
Administration of Justice Act: Aimed at protecting British officials charged with capital offenses during law enforcement, it allowed them to be tried in England or another colony.
Quartering Act: This new version revived the indignation surrounding the earlier Quartering Act, allowing British troops to requisition unoccupied buildings for housing in all of British America
