US History timeline & concept chart: 16th-18th centuries (to 1754) British-American colonies

US History timeline & concept chart: American colonies 17th & mid-18th centuries

article under construction

Objective:

• covering regional, economic, and demographic aspects of colonial expansion
• timeline up to the French-Indian War (1754)

• US History
• AP United States History

Main page'

• US History timeline & concept chart: periods, events & themes main page

Previous timelines:

• US History timeline & concept chart: early North American colonization

Next timelines:

• US History timeline & concept chart: American colonies 17th & mid-18th centuries
• US History timeline & concept chart: French-Indian War to the American Revolution

Colonial America growth

PERIOD / TIMELINE	Major Events, Concepts & Themes	Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events
1578 Foribsher expedition to find Northwest Passage failed but spurred British interest in North America 1634 Maryland founded by Catholic George Calvart 1681, William Penn granted charter for Pennsylvania 1614 Tobacco 1st shipped to England 1642 English Civil War 1651 British Navigation Act 1676 Bacon's Rebellion 1692 Salem Witchcraft Trials	Population growth 1530-1680: 200,000 immigrants to colonies increasing diversity of migrants from England, Scotland, Ireland, Germany diverse origins, religions, and motives	BIG IDEAS DETAILS Tobacco John Rolfe planted seed from Trinidad in Virginia 1614 fist tobacco shipment to England spurred colonial projection 1634 Maryland founded by Catholic George Calvert, Lord Baltimore; granted by English King Charles I first prioprietary colony = owned and governed by an individual

Southern colonial economies & demographics

PERIOD / TIMELINE	Major Events, Concepts & Themes	Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events
1660–1677 Governor Sr. William Berkely in office 1660s settlers encroach upon Indian lands along "Northern Neck" land between Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers 1666 colonists declare war upon Native Americans in Northern Neck region 1675-76 Bacon's Rebellion 1680s significant growth in slavery 1730s rice economy	cash crops plantation economy coastal elites Governor Berkeley backcountry farmers yeoman farmers Bacon's Rebellion slavery	BIG IDEAS plantation economy social/ economic stratification frontier settlements & conflict with Native Americans Bacon's Rebellion expansion of slavery by early 1700s VA & MD planters switch from indentured servants to slaves DETAILS cash crops: tobacco in NC, VA and MD rice/ indigo in SC plantation economy increasing use of slaves demographics stratification of southern society Southern gentry large estates gentry lifestyle, including hunting, horse racing, gambling, dancing coastal or Tidewater elites based on plantations and ports indentured servants and "backcountry" farmers: half of indentures servants died in colonies before earning freedom yoeman farmers owned their land, engaged in subsistence farming many former servants become tenent farmers (rent not land ownership) due to costs of land surveys, fees, farming equipment & animals, etc. general trend is towards small-farm ownership and westward expansion in search for new lands to farm rice economy 1730 Parliament removed rice from mercantalist restrictions, freeing sale directly to other nations rice economy rose/fell with wars when price was high benefited freeholders and not large plantations Bacon's rebellion background: Governor Sr. William Berkely controlled House of Burgesses via political patronage and favors among elites exempted himself and ruling "governor council" members from taxes restricted right to vote to property ownership (cut vote rolls by half) growing conflict with Native Americans over colonial encroachment on frontier lands 1675 war between Native Americans and frontier settlers coastal elites did not want war with Indians Nathaniel Bacon = wealthy landowner, buys frontier land, attacked by Indians member of the governor's council but sides with frontier farmers on war with Native Americans Bacon leads his own militia to fight Native Americans Gov Berkeley calls for new election but new legislators back Bacon and authorize militia known as "Bacon's Laws" also restores vote to all free men and removed Berkeley's tax exemptions Bacon still opposes Berkeley regime, with small army takes over capital at Jamestown and charges Berkeley with corruption Berkeley flees, raises his own army and battles Bacon's army Bacon escapes but dies while hiding in a swamp and his army disintegrate

Colonial slavery

PERIOD / TIMELINE	Major Events, Concepts & Themes	Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events
1619 first Africans colonial America 1638 Maryland legally recognizes slavery 1705 Virginia slave code enacted	subtitle	BIG IDEAS DETAILS 1619: first African slaves brought to British colonies by Dutch merchants British entry to slave trade via Royal African Company (1672) 1680s growth in central / south colonies slavery & slave culture growth in slavery in 1680s after Bacon's rebellion wealthy planters increased reliance on slaves instead of indentured servants expanding frontiers, especially in Pennsylvania, had diminished flow of indentured servants increase in transatlantic slave trade, including by British under the Royal African Company starting 1672 slave culture maintain oral traditions, songs mixture of African and colonial cultures

New England colonial expansion

PERIOD / TIMELINE	Major Events, Concepts & Themes	Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events
	subtitle	BIG IDEAS coastal economy townships frontier Indian Wars DETAILS coastal economy King George's War spurred adventurism and privateerism >> see Taylor on 1/4th of Boston freeman had ownership of a ship

central colonies

PERIOD / TIMELINE	Major Events, Concepts & Themes	Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events
	subtitle	BIG IDEAS DETAILS PA land >> = decline in indentured servitude Quakers During King George's war European demand for food due to war and poor harvests increased demand for grain Chesapeake region conversion to diverse crops tobacco still largest export growth in central coast ports, especially Baltimore

colonial wars

War Timeline	Colonial name	European name	Consequence
1675-1763	"French & Indian Wars" include: King Philip's War King William's War Queen Anne's War King George's War French-Indian War		BIG IDEAS the colonial "French & Indian Wars" were part of various European "dynastic wars" in French known as "Intercolonial wars" all of these wars were largely result of American colonial expansion, including: rising population frontier settlement, especially by small farmers' European political and religious dynamics deeply influenced British and French colonial interactions as well as among and between the British colonies
1675–1678	King Philip's War	n/a - independent of European conflicts or involvement	early Pilgrims & Wampanoag chief Massasoit maintained friendly relations upon his death, his son, Metacom, accused colonists of violating agreements (land use) led raids on Massachusetts, Maine, Rhode Island and Connecticut villages & settlements colonial militia responded considered the most deadly of all colonial wars half of colonial towns attacked and 12 destroyed 1/10 colonial males killed 100s of Wampanaogs executed or enslaved Wampoaaogs lands entirely lost to them impact upon New England identity war conducted without British involvement or support created distinct identify and sense of independence from Britain
1688–1697	King William's War	War of the Grand Alliance War of the League of Augsburg Nine Years' War	started due to New England expansion into Acadia, a region of New France France aligned Wabanaki Confederacy opposed colonialists and their allied Iroquois Confederacy wiki: The Iroquois dominated the economically important Great Lakes fur trade and had been in conflict with New France since 1680.[15]:43 At the urging of New England, the Iroquois interrupted the trade between New France and the western tribes. In retaliation, New France raided Seneca lands of western New York. In turn, New England supported the Iroquois in attacking New France, which they did by raiding Lachine. also konwn as Second Indian War resulted in no changes in British of French colonial territories Wabanaki Confederacy" held off colonial American attempts to expand into southern Main
1702–1713	Queen Anne's War	War of the Spanish Succession	War of Spanish Succession over death of Spanish King Charles II France and England wanted colonies to remain neutral existing colonial border tensions were enflamed by the European conflict included French, Spanish & British boundaries in Newfoundland & Hudson Bay Massachusetts & Maine Carolinas English colonial population 250,000 French & Spanish populations were negligible, relying mostly on Indian allies outcome: British take Acadia, Newfoundland, Hudson Bay, and Saint Kitts
1722–1725	Dumner's War	n/a - colonial war not part of European dynastic wars	series of conflicts between New England colonials and Wabanaki Confederacy William Dummer was governor of Massachusetts fought mostly in Maine and Nova Scotia source of conflict was ongoing British colonial settlements in Maine and (modern) Vermont the Wabanaki Confederacy had not been party to French and English settlement of Queen Anne's War and so did not adhere to the French-British agreement outcome was that New England colonials took over most of Acadia (Maine)
1739	War of Jenkin's Ear	n/a - colonial conflict not part of European dynastic wars	a Spanish commander sliced the ear of a British merchant captain the conflict was largely in the Caribbean British colonials from Georgia attacked the Spanish St. Augustine, FL in 1740 Spanish forces retaliated in 1742 with an attack upon the Georgia coast, which was repelled the conflict did not involve the French, but did morph into the larger European conflict in the War of the Austrian Succession
1744–1748	King George's War	War of the Austrian Succession	New England colonists organized invasion of Nova Scotia led to heavy losses of colonial forces, 8% of males were killed the war energized New England ship building industry adventurism / privateers & investments in expeditions on Spanish ships & possessions in Caribbean European demand for food due to war and poor harvests increased demand for grain & rice conclusion of the war changed no boundaries and did not settle tensions may be considered as contributor to French-Indian War of 1754
1754–1763	French-Indian War	Seven Years' War	to be discussed in subsequent timeline & concepts chart