US History timeline & concept chart: 1789-1860 Early Republic to Antebellum: Difference between revisions
| Line 372: | Line 372: | ||
* 1801-1805 Jefferson presidency 1st term<br><br> | * 1801-1805 Jefferson presidency 1st term<br><br> | ||
* 1802 Louisiana Purchase<br><br> | * 1802 Louisiana Purchase<br><br> | ||
* 1802 Yazoo land scandal (Georgia)<br><br> | |||
* 1802 establishment of West Point Military Academy | |||
* 1802 admission of Ohio to statehood | |||
* 1803-1806 Lewis & Clark Expedition<br><br> | * 1803-1806 Lewis & Clark Expedition<br><br> | ||
* 1804 Burr kills Hamilton in duel<br><br> | * 1804 Burr kills Hamilton in duel<br><br> | ||
* 1805 blockades of US ports by British & French | * 1805 blockades of US ports by British & French | ||
* 1805-1809 Jefferson presidency 2nd term<br><br> | * 1805-1809 Jefferson presidency 2nd term<br><br> | ||
* 1807 Congress bans African slave trade | * 1807: Embargo Act of 1807<br><br> | ||
* 1807 Congress bans African slave trade, effective 1808<br><br> | |||
* 1809-1813 Madison presidency 1st term<br><br> | * 1809-1813 Madison presidency 1st term<br><br> | ||
| Line 390: | Line 394: | ||
* roll-back of Federalist policies | * roll-back of Federalist policies | ||
* '''Louisiana Purchase''' | * '''Louisiana Purchase''' | ||
<big>'''Jeffersonian democracy'''</big> | |||
* egalitarian, social simplicity in contrast to Washington's pomp (formality) | |||
* pushed for state expansion of suffrage by elimination of property requirements | |||
* small government, states rights, run by small farmers | |||
<br><br> | |||
<big>'''Marbury v Madison'''</big> | <big>'''Marbury v Madison'''</big> | ||
| Line 401: | Line 411: | ||
* Jefferson inaugural address | * Jefferson inaugural address | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
<big>'''Louisiana Purchase. 1802'''</big> | <big>'''Louisiana Purchase. 1802'''</big> | ||
* France sold territory taken from Spain bc of Haitian Revolution | * France sold territory taken from Spain bc of Haitian Revolution | ||
* US territorial expansion | * US territorial expansion and settlement | ||
* land speculation & political maneuvering over control of new territories | |||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
<big>''' | |||
* | <big>'''Barbary War'''</big> | ||
* Jefferson sent US Navy to Mediterranean Sea to fight "Barbary Pirates" | |||
* Stephen Decator became national hero for a raid on Tripoli in 1804 | |||
<br><br> | |||
<big>'''Twelfth Amendment adopted 1804'''</big> | |||
* party-line vote in electoral college ("party ticket") | |||
* ensures two-party system & it's political organization & activity | |||
* leads to intra-party factions (factions within a single party) | |||
<br><br> | |||
<big>'''Embargo Act of 1807'''</big> | |||
* European war impacts on US trade & domestic politics | |||
* New Englanders oppose the embargo, economy hurt | |||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
<big>''' | <big>'''Non-Intercourse Act of 1809'''</big> | ||
* | * opens trade with all nations except France and Brtiain | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
| Line 433: | Line 458: | ||
* sought to reconcile bitterness between parties/factions | * sought to reconcile bitterness between parties/factions | ||
* “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists” | * “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists” | ||
===Jeffersonian democracy=== | |||
* rode his horse to Washington for his inauguration as statement of egalitarianism | |||
** as opposed to riding in a formal carriage | |||
* egalitarianism, equality (whites) | |||
* as president preferred social simplicity in contrast to Washington's pomp (formality) | |||
** did not distinguish White House visitors based on social class | |||
* pushed for state expansion of suffrage by elimination of property requirements | |||
** led to higher voter turnout | |||
* small government, states rights, run by small farmers | |||
** Jefferson wanted fully pay off and avoid any future national debt | |||
*** inherently anti-bank, esp. a central bank | |||
*** at end of his office in 1809, the debt was reduced from $83 to $57 million | |||
=== roll-back of Federalist policies === | === roll-back of Federalist policies === | ||
* the new Democratic-Republican dominated Congress: | * the new Democratic-Republican dominated Congress: | ||
** repealed the Alien and Sedition | ** repealed the Alien and Sedition acts | ||
*** pardoned the 10 people who were prosecuted under them | |||
** abolished internal taxes | ** abolished internal taxes | ||
** reduced the size of the army and navy | ** reduced the size of the army and navy | ||
* despite reservations, Jefferson agreed to keep the First Bank of the United States | * despite reservations, Jefferson agreed to keep the First Bank of the United States | ||
* Supreme Court maintained Federalist ideologies under Chief Justice John Marshall | * Supreme Court maintained Federalist ideologies under Chief Justice John Marshall | ||
* Federalist Party declines, especially outside of New England | |||
=== Barbary War === | |||
* '''Naval Act of 1794''' | |||
** founded the US Navy with funding for six warships | |||
** authorized payment of "tributes" (ransom $) to North African pirates who attacked US merchant ships | |||
*** prior to the Revolution, the British Navy had protected American vessels | |||
* by end of Adams administration treaties w/ "Barbary States" (modern Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria) | |||
* in 1803 Jefferson sent US Navy to Mediterranean Sea to fight "Barbary Pirates" | |||
** the YSS Philadelphia was captured by Tripoli | |||
** 1804 Stephen Decator became national hero for a raid on Tripoli freeing the ''Philadelphia'' | |||
* while isolating Tripoli with the raid and onging bombardments, the US continued to pay tribute to other Barbary States | |||
=== Louisiana Purchase, 1802 === | === Louisiana Purchase, 1802 === | ||
| Line 467: | Line 518: | ||
*** and in the | *** and in the | ||
** the south and western borders were negotiated with Spain along with American acquisition of Florida in the 1819 '''Adams-Onis Treaty" w/ Spain | ** the south and western borders were negotiated with Spain along with American acquisition of Florida in the 1819 '''Adams-Onis Treaty" w/ Spain | ||
=== settlement, territorial expansion & Native American relations === | |||
* Jefferson wanted to take Florida from the Spanish | |||
** he refused to recognize '''Haiti''' in 1804 in order to gain Napoleon's support for US acquisition of Florida | |||
* acquisition of Louisana Territory put pressure on Native American tribes and lands | |||
** Jefferson promoted | |||
** sought ''civilization program'' to promote assimilation of American Indians into US society | |||
=== Yazoo land scandal, 1802 === | |||
* as nation expanded, land claims were frequently in conflict with one another | |||
* land speculation increased, especially as part of removal of Native Americans | |||
* Georgia sold large tracts (lots) of "Yazoo land" | |||
** = areas around the Yazoo River stretching to the Mississippi River (modern AL and MS) | |||
** named for the Yazoo tribe | |||
* because of massive fraud, Georgia invalidated the land grants retroactively (after the fact) | |||
* led to the '''Compact of 1802''' in which the federal government | |||
** purchased western Georgia for $1.2mm (later Alabama and Mississippi) | |||
** agreed to invalidate Native American claims on the land | |||
** and agreed to settle claims by defrauded individuals (people who were ripped off) | |||
*** the last term was scandalous as politicians claimed it was a pay-off to land speculators | |||
*** even Jefferson's own party opposed it, especially John Randolph (from VA) | |||
*** = led to rise of ''tertium quids'' which were factions within the Democratic Party | |||
** claims were not fully resolved until 1814 by act of Congress that paid off those remaining | |||
=== Essex Junto === | === Essex Junto === | ||
| Line 512: | Line 586: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
=== 12th Amendment to the Constitution, 1804 === | === 12th Amendment to the Constitution, 1804 & electoral impact=== | ||
* in response to the contested election of 1800 | * in response to the contested election of 1800 | ||
** (Jefferson and Burr tied in electoral college vote, so the House of Representatives decided the election) | ** (Jefferson and Burr tied in electoral college vote, so the House of Representatives decided the election) | ||
| Line 524: | Line 598: | ||
** so the Electoral College votes are for combined "ticket" of President and Vice President candidates | ** so the Electoral College votes are for combined "ticket" of President and Vice President candidates | ||
* 12th amendment solidifies the two-party system | * 12th amendment solidifies the two-party system | ||
** which led to greater political organization and voter turnout | |||
** winner of the electoral college must win a majority vote | ** winner of the electoral college must win a majority vote | ||
** therefore, it is in the interest of political opponents to organize around two political parties in order to win that majority vote | ** therefore, it is in the interest of political opponents to organize around two political parties in order to win that majority vote | ||
| Line 551: | Line 626: | ||
* domestic slavery and slave trade were not impacted by the 1807 law | * domestic slavery and slave trade were not impacted by the 1807 law | ||
=== expansion of slavery === | |||
* southerners feared that the slave revolt in Haiti would inspire similar revolts in US | |||
** part of Jefferson's refusal to recognize Haiti in 1804 was due to southern pressure | |||
* Louisiana Territory opened up additional land for expansion of slavery west of the Mississippi | |||
* Eli Whitney | |||
* | |||
=== new states admitted from 1800-1810 === | |||
* 1802-3 Ohio admitted to Union | |||
** = first state from the original Northwest Territory | |||
=== Madison presidency, 1809-1817 === | === Madison presidency, 1809-1817 === | ||
* elected overwhelmingly over Federalist candidate Thomas Pinckney | * elected overwhelmingly over Federalist candidate Thomas Pinckney | ||