US History timeline & concept chart: 1789-1860 Early Republic to Antebellum: Difference between revisions
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'''BIG IDEAS''' | '''BIG IDEAS''' | ||
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<big>'''Jefferson presidency'''</big> | <big>'''Jefferson presidency'''</big> | ||
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=== Louisiana Purchase, 1802 === | === Louisiana Purchase, 1802 === | ||
[[File:UnitedStatesExpansion.png|thumb|UnitedStatesExpansion|alt=UnitedStatesExpansion.png]] | |||
* Secretary of State James Monroe was sent to France to negotiate purchase of Louisiana Territory | * Secretary of State James Monroe was sent to France to negotiate purchase of Louisiana Territory | ||
** the | * the primary American goal was to gain full control of the Mississippi River | ||
** the Spanish had acquired Louisiana in 1762 from the French following the French-Indian War | |||
** the French regained the territory in 1800 under Napoleon | |||
*** Haitian rebellion impact: | *** Haitian rebellion impact: | ||
*** = successful slave revolt establishing Haitian independence | *** = successful slave revolt establishing Haitian independence | ||
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*** with loss of Haiti, the French no longer needed New Orleans as a shipping point for Haitian trade | *** with loss of Haiti, the French no longer needed New Orleans as a shipping point for Haitian trade | ||
* France offered to sell it for $15 million | * France offered to sell it for $15 million | ||
* the "territory" was | * the "territory" was loosely defined | ||
** the sovereignty conveyed (delivered) by the Purchase | |||
*** = a "preemptive" right to the territory over other colonial powers | |||
*** and the authority over other colonial powers to obtain the lands in the territory from Native Americans by treaty or conquest | |||
* Federalists opposed it because it would eventually add more southern states | * Federalists opposed it because it would eventually add more southern states | ||
* Jefferson based power to purchase on executive powers of diplomacy | * Jefferson based power to purchase on executive powers of diplomacy | ||
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** to identify natural geography & landscapes | ** to identify natural geography & landscapes | ||
** to establish inland route to the Pacific Ocean | ** to establish inland route to the Pacific Ocean | ||
** the Purchase did not include modern Oregon & Washington state territories, which were negotiated later with | ** the Purchase did not include modern Oregon & Washington state territories, which were negotiated later w/ Britain | ||
*** in the '''Treaty of 1818''' regarding the northern border of modern MN, ND, & MO which established the 49th parallel as the US-Canadian border | |||
*** and in the | |||
** the south and western borders were negotiated with Spain along with American acquisition of Florida in the 1819 '''Adams-Onis Treaty" w/ Spain | |||
=== Essex Junto === | === Essex Junto === |
Revision as of 15:41, 17 May 2021
US History timeline & concept chart: 1790s-1860
Objectives:
- to help students to
- associate timelines with events, persons, themes & concepts
- associate presidents with timelines, themes & concepts
- identify timelines with BIG IDEAS across periods of US history
- find connections and common themes across US history
- easily find relevant details for larger comprehension
- to help teachers to
- quickly review US History content for lesson planning
- provide students with easy and complete reference source for US history
Click EXPAND for a note for mobile phone users (already shows on mobile)
- these timeline & concept charts use tables in order to connect ideas, timelines, and major concepts
- tables are not mobile-friendly (they do not wrap to a single column)
- when these charts are complete, we will in the future convert the charts to mobile-friendly format as an alternative file
- we encourage you to use a tablet or larger monitor in order to see the charts here
Index
Page structure & format guide
U.S. History course pages:
1790s Washington & Adams administrations[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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BIG IDEAS
National Debt
Whiskey Rebellion 1794
Hamilton "Report on Manufactures"
European wars & domestic U.S. politics
Washington Farewell Address
Adams presidency
Alien & Sedition Acts 1798
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
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Washington presidency, 1789-1797[edit | edit source]
click EXPAND for excerpt from Washington expressing his reluctance to become president in 1788, Washington wrote: I should unfeignedly rejoice, in case the Electors, by giving their votes to another person would save me from the dreaded dilemma of being forced to accept or refuse... If that may not be–I am, in the next place, earnestly desirous of searching out the truth, and knowing whether there does not exist a probability that the government would be just as happily and effectually carried into execution without my aid."(First President’s Election Was the Last Thing He Wanted (washingtonpapers.org) Upon election in 1791, Washington wrote that he had give up "all expectations of private happiness in this world." (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/george-washington-the-reluctant-president-49492/ George Washington: The Reluctant President (Smithsonian Magazine)]
election of 1789
Bill of Rights adopted 1791 (BOR)
Hamilton-Jefferson split
Residence Act of 1790[edit | edit source]
Hamilton's 1791 "Report on Manufactures"[edit | edit source]
=== rise of Political parties ===\
Constitutional interpretations[edit | edit source]
European conflicts[edit | edit source]click EXPAND for list of French Revolution & Napoleonic era wars
European wars & domestic U.S. politics[edit | edit source]
Citizen Genet affair, 1793[edit | edit source]
Jay's Treaty (or "Jay Treaty")[edit | edit source]
"Pinckney's Treaty"[edit | edit source]
Washington declines to run for a 3rd term[edit | edit source]
Washington's "Farewell Address[edit | edit source]
click EXPAND for excerpt from Washington's Farewell Address: The unity of government which constitutes you one people is also now dear to you. It is justly so; for it is a main pillar in the edifice of your real independence, the support of your tranquility at home, your peace abroad, of your safety, of your prosperity, of that very liberty which you so highly prize. But as it is easy to foresee that, from different causes and from different quarters, much pains will be taken, many artifices employed, to weaken in your minds the conviction of this truth; as this is the point in your political fortress against which the batteries of internal and external enemies will be most constantly and actively (though often covertly and insidiously) directed, it is of infinite moment that you should properly estimate the immense value of your national Union to your collective and individual happiness; that you should cherish a cordial, habitual, and immovable attachment to it; accustoming yourselves to think and speak of it as of the palladium of your political safety and prosperity; watching for its preservation with jealous anxiety; discountenancing whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it can in any event be abandoned; and indignantly frowning upon the first dawning of every attempt to alienate any portion of our country from the rest, or to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts(for full text see Washington's Farewell Address (wikisource) John Adams presidency[edit | edit source]
Quasi-War 1798[edit | edit source]
XYZ Affair. 1797-98[edit | edit source]
Alien & Sedition Acts, 1798[edit | edit source]
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions 1798-99[edit | edit source]
Taxation and Fries's Rebellion, 1799[edit | edit source]
Washington DC opened as national capital, 1800[edit | edit source]
Midnight appointments[edit | edit source]
Leads to the "landmark" case, Marbury v. Madison that established judicial review (see below)
new States in 1790s[edit | edit source]
Northwest Territories and Northwest Ordinance of 1787[edit | edit source]
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1800-1810 Jefferson & Madison administrations[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
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BIG IDEAS
Jefferson presidency
Marbury v Madison
European wars continued impact on domestic U.S. politics
Revolution of 1800
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Revolution of 1800[edit | edit source]
Jefferson Inaugural Address, 1801[edit | edit source]
roll-back of Federalist policies[edit | edit source]
Louisiana Purchase, 1802[edit | edit source]
Essex Junto[edit | edit source]
Aaron Burr[edit | edit source]
12th Amendment to the Constitution, 1804[edit | edit source]
European blockades of US ports[edit | edit source]
Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves, 1807[edit | edit source]
Madison presidency, 1809-1817[edit | edit source] |
1810s Madison & Monroe administrations[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
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BIG IDEAS French/ British blockades British impressment of U.S. sailors Indian Wars in Northwest Territories border dispute w/ Canada War of 1812 Monroe & the ""Era of Good Feelings"
subsection
subsection
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=== subheading
- Napoleonic Wars impact on U.S.: > trade/ blockades > both French and British trying to isolate U.S. trade from the other > British impressment of U.S. sailors/ merchant ships - War of 1812 - economic expansion following War - “American System” adopted, including > 2nd National Bank > federal roads > tariffs - demise of Federalists, rise of Whig party by election of 1824
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1820s: Monroe & Jackson administrations[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
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BIG IDEAS Era of Good Feelings
<br
<br
<br 2nd Great Awakening, 1820s-1830s/40s
<br Moralism / reform movements
<br Alexis de Tocqueville & "Democracy in America
<br Henry Clay & the "American System"
National Bank
<br Rise of the Whig Party
<br
subsection
<br |
Monroe presidency 1st term[edit | edit source]
Era of Good Feelings[edit | edit source]
Monroe Doctrine, 1823[edit | edit source]
rise of Whig party[edit | edit source]
Democratic party[edit | edit source]
Sectionalism[edit | edit source]Election of 1826[edit | edit source]
Rise of Jackson and "Jacksonian democracy"[edit | edit source]
Second Great Awakening[edit | edit source]Second Great Awakening - religious revival, esp, Methodist & Baptists - Charles Finney ran religious revivals and promoted reform movements - new religions arose, including Mormons and Shakers, utopians > some preached apocalyptic visions, end of the world, etc. (“repent the end is near!”) - women involved, reform societies, esp against drinking (temperance), gambling & prostitution (vice) and slavery (abolition) - reformers built orphanages, asylums Alexis de Tocqueville * “Democracy in America”[edit | edit source]> if these people consider themselves each other’s equal, what will they do? - observed how democracies created >> culture of equality >> culture of civic engagement << everyone in a democracy wants to talk politics >> a fluid sociopolitical-economic society Henry Clay's "American system"[edit | edit source]Promoted by Henry Clay (from Kentucky) roads and canal building new technologies: railroads, telegraph = unifying effect, promotes commerce > allows for more western expansion and integration into national economy - internal improvements = main Whig policy (the American System)
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1830s Jackson, Van Buren & >> administrations[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
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BIG IDEAS subsection
subsection
subsection
subsection
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=== subheading
sectionalism[edit | edit source]
Nat Turner's Rebellion (1831)[edit | edit source]
Republic of Texas[edit | edit source]
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1840s: xx administrations[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
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BIG IDEAS Manifest Destiny & western expansion
Expansion of Slavery (Texas)
<>big>Mexican-American War
Gold Rush of 1849
Abolition, Women's suffrage & other reform movements
Transcendentalism |
=== subheading
Western expansion leads to Mexican-American war Manifest Destiny > Manifest -= plain, easy to see, clear + Destiny = going to happen >> to move westward Justifies western expansion, settlement >> v. Indians and Spain / Mexico = notion that the nation will expand and it is good and right also: Gold Rush of 1849 Effects: transportation, movement, banking (also slavery tensions) > political activism, especially in response to Compromise of 1850 > American anti-slavery society >> William Lloyd Garrison< abolitionist leader, publisher >> inspired by David Walker, a free black in Boston in 1820s > Frederic Douglass > Harriett Tubman > Sojourner Truth > underground railroad Reform Movements >> combined activism: suffrage, abolitions, temperance, education Transcendentalism = belief that god exists in humans, man & society can be perfected > Ralph Waldo Emerson > Nathaniel Hawthorne (Scarlett Letter) > David Thoreau - Sectional dispute over where to build transcontinental railroad > northern or southern route?
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1850s: xx administrations[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
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BIG IDEAS
subsection
Compromise of 1850 New territories & states from Mexican-American War & Western expansion = End of Missouri Compromise (1820) Sectional Tensions rise Slavery issues Hardening of politics: pro-/anti-slavery Heading towards war, 1850s presidents do nothing about it Panic of 1857 / Southern economic stability subsection
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subsection
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=== subheading
Ends the Missouri Compromise (of 1820) Last of the “Great Compromisers” Clay (KY), Calhoun (CS) & Daniel Webster (MA) - Clay divided larger bill into parts in order to pass Parts of the Compromise of 1850 > California admitted as free state > Fugitive Slave Law >> super upsetting to northerners >> concession to Norhterners: banned the slave trade in DC (but not slavery itself) > Utah & New Mexico added as territories w/ each to write its own constitution (popular sovereignty concept re. slavery) > after Compromise of 1850 new generation of leaders take over, more strident, more sectional-minded, more radical / ideological on both sides > decline of Whig power > No Nothings party > American Party, anti-immigrant (“nativism”), anti-catholic >> both sides radicalize >> no way to compromise - Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) > book about slave life by Harriett Beecher Stowe > sold 2 mm copies > compared to Common Sense in influence on public - Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) >> popular sovereignty for KS and NB territories >> radicalizes the public > marks end of Whig party >> “Free Soil” party has KN as its sole issue << Republican can take a wider appeal - “personal liberty laws” passed in north to require trial by jury for disputes over fugitive slaves - Bleeding Kansas or Bloody Kansas (1854-1861) > territories > Lawrence, KS = location of battles between pro- and anti-slavery factions >> John Brown started anti-slave movement there > “Border Ruffians” (rough houser – proslvery MO go to KS / NB to get into a fight - Dred Scott decision by Roger Taney, 1857 > Scott, a slave, went to North, and declared himself free >> owner sues to get him back >> Supreme Rules that slave/blacks are not citizens << >> radicalizes the public - John Brown’s raid (1859) > messianic anti-slavery leader >> God wants us to do this! > Harpers Ferry, VA to instigate a slave rebellion > put down by Federal troops, Brown hanged for treason Panic of 1857 - Contributing factors: > tremendous growth after Mexi-Amer war led to overexpansion > over-extension of credit during boom years accelerated losses after Panic > railroads and telegraph made US more interconnected, so impact of Panic was widespread - Triggers: > sinking of gold ship SS Central America w/ 30K lbs of gold (California gold) > British bank crisis following suspension of reserve requiements (reliance on paper money) led to panic in Britain - Impact: > railroad expansion & hiring halts > grain prices drop, impacting farmers > land prices drop, impacting tax revenues and causing land-tax delinquencies > growth in westward expansion halted until after Civil War - Federal response: > Pres Buchanan blamed panic on use of paper-money withdraws bank notes under $20 >> impact was to force banks to increase hard money (specie) reserves and lower inflation << this worked - Long term impact: > southern economy largely untouched, which led to less pressure on slavery institution from northern > northern bankers and railroads impacted but recovered > midwestern expansion most impacted foreign trade & expansion[edit | edit source]
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