World History empires name meanings study guide

From A+ Club Lesson Planner & Study Guide
Revision as of 20:13, 3 January 2023 by Bromley (talk | contribs)

Goal of this article is to help students identify context and historical recollection via definitions of historical names and terms

  • along with memorizing names, places (map literacy) and dates
  • historical knowledge and test-day recollection can be enhanced through etymology, or word origins of key historical places, empires or dynasties

China empires/ dynasties[edit | edit source]

Name Name definition Dates Region Notes
Chinese dynasties follow four general categories of name origins:
  • geographic origins (Qin, Han dynasties)
  • capital cities (Sui and Tang dynasties)
  • material properties (Liao (iron), Tang (jade) dynasties
  • word meanings (Yuan, Ming, Qing dynasties; see below

Yuan Dynasty[edit | edit source]

  • as used by Kublai Khan, mean "origin" or "center" of the universe
  • "Great Yuan" named by the empire's founder, Kublai Khan, likely in order to inlude his rule within Chinese dynastic history as well as to claim the Mandate of Heaven
1271–1368
  • established by Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan
  • 1st non-Han dynasty to rule China
  • Yuan emperors spoke Chinese but kept use of Mongolian
  • Kublai Khan's 1st capital was called "City of the Khans," but was changed in Han Chinese to "Great Capital"
  • he used the name changes to claim Chinese legitimacy
  • Sources:

Ming Dynasty[edit | edit source]

  • Ming is from the Chinese characters for sun and moon; it also means "luminescent"
  • the name was taken by Han Shantong who led early rebellions against the Yuan Dynasty; Han Shantong took on the name "King Ming" for "King of Light"
1368-1644

Qing Dynasty[edit | edit source]

  • Qing means, "blue, aqua, clear, transparent"
  • Qing character contains 3 strokes of the water symbol
  • the 1st Qing emperor renamed "the Great Jin" empire ("Jin" signifies "metal and fire") to "Great Qing"
    • Jin was understood to represent the fiery tempers of the Manchu royalty
    • Qing for "transparent" and "water" indicated an end to feuds in the royal family
1644–1911 Manchuria, China
  • Arose from the "Later Jin Dynasty" from Manchuria (northeast region of China
    • thus is also known as the "Manchu Dynasty
    • "Manchu" = people from Manchuria
  • Jin dynasty ruler Hong Taiji, renamed the "Great Jin" to "Great Qung" in 1636
    • Qing was a Chinese name
  • he renamed the "Jurchen" people to "Manchu"
    • "Manchu" may come from the word for "brave"
    • the renaming reflects his conquest of all of Manchuria
  • key Hong Tajji's rise was adoption of artillery, which the Ming had used to defeat him before
  • he conquered the Ming capital in Beijing in 1644
  • as ruler, he accepted ethnic Han into his military and government, and even married 10000 Manchu women to Han men
  • sources:

Eurasian empires[edit | edit source]

Name Name definition Dates Region Notes

Europe monarchies/ empires[edit | edit source]

Name Name definition Dates Region Notes
House of Hapsburg
  • from

India empires[edit | edit source]

Name Name definition Dates Region Notes

Middleastern empires[edit | edit source]

Name Name definition Dates Region Notes
Ottoman Empire