US History timeline & concept chart: 16th-18th centuries (to 1754) British-American colonies: Difference between revisions
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'''BIG IDEAS''' | '''BIG IDEAS''' | ||
* the colonial "French & Indian Wars" were part of various European "dynastic wars" | |||
* in French known as "Intercolonial wars" | |||
* all of these wars were largely result of '''American colonial expansion''', including: | * all of these wars were largely result of '''American colonial expansion''', including: | ||
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* European political and religious dynamics deeply influenced British and French colonial interactions | * European political and religious dynamics deeply influenced British and French colonial interactions | ||
** as well as among and between the British colonies | ** as well as among and between the British colonies | ||
* series of European conflicts ended with British maritime supremacy and decline of Spain | |||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
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|| '''King Philip's War''' | || '''King Philip's War''' | ||
|| n/a - independent of European conflicts or involvement | || n/a - independent of European conflicts or involvement | ||
|| | || | ||
* early Pilgrims & Wampanoag chief Massasoit maintained friendly relations | * King Philip was the adopted English name of the Wampanoag chief Metacom | ||
* upon his death, his son, Metacom, accused colonists of violating agreements (land use) | |||
* early Pilgrims & prior Wampanoag chief Massasoit maintained friendly relations | |||
* upon his death, his son, Metacom (King Philip), accused colonists of violating agreements (land use) | |||
** led raids on Massachusetts, Maine, Rhode Island and Connecticut villages & settlements | ** led raids on Massachusetts, Maine, Rhode Island and Connecticut villages & settlements | ||
** colonial militia responded | ** colonial militia responded | ||
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* impact upon New England identity | * impact upon New England identity | ||
** war conducted without British involvement or support | ** war conducted without British involvement or support | ||
** created distinct identify and sense of independence from Britain | ** created distinct identify and sense of independence from Britain | ||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
| 1688–1697 | | 1688–1697 | ||
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* War of the League of Augsburg | * War of the League of Augsburg | ||
* Nine Years' War | * Nine Years' War | ||
|| | || | ||
* started due to New England expansion into Acadia, a region of New France | * King William inherited the British throne after the death of his wife, Mary (as in "William and Mary" | ||
* agreements that settled King Philip's war were not followed | |||
* the war started due to New England expansion into Acadia, a region of New France | |||
* France aligned '''Wabanaki Confederacy''' opposed colonialists and their allied Iroquois Confederacy | * France aligned '''Wabanaki Confederacy''' opposed colonialists and their allied Iroquois Confederacy | ||
* wiki: The Iroquois dominated the economically important Great Lakes fur trade and had been in conflict with New France since 1680.[15]:43 At the urging of New England, the Iroquois interrupted the trade between New France and the western tribes. In retaliation, New France raided Seneca lands of western New York. In turn, New England supported the Iroquois in attacking New France, which they did by raiding Lachine. | * wiki: The Iroquois dominated the economically important Great Lakes fur trade and had been in conflict with New France since 1680.[15]:43 At the urging of New England, the Iroquois interrupted the trade between New France and the western tribes. In retaliation, New France raided Seneca lands of western New York. In turn, New England supported the Iroquois in attacking New France, which they did by raiding Lachine. | ||
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|| '''Queen Anne's War''' | || '''Queen Anne's War''' | ||
|| War of the Spanish Succession | || War of the Spanish Succession | ||
|| | || | ||
* War of Spanish Succession | * Anne was Queen of Britain (unified w/ Scotland in 1702) | ||
** she inherited the throne after the death of William, whose wife was Mary, sister of Anne | |||
* in Europe the War of Spanish Succession arose after death of Spanish King Charles II | |||
** France and England wanted colonies to remain neutral | ** France and England wanted colonies to remain neutral | ||
** existing colonial border tensions were enflamed by the European conflict | ** existing colonial border tensions were enflamed by the European conflict | ||
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*** Newfoundland & Hudson Bay | *** Newfoundland & Hudson Bay | ||
*** Massachusetts & Maine | *** Massachusetts & Maine | ||
*** Carolinas | *** Carolinas | ||
* English colonial population 250,000 | * English colonial population 250,000 | ||
* French & Spanish populations were negligible, relying mostly on Indian allies | * French & Spanish populations were negligible, relying mostly on Indian allies |
Revision as of 15:20, 29 July 2022
US History timeline & concept chart: American colonies 17th & mid-18th centuries
Objectives:
- to help students to
- associate timelines with events, persons, themes & concepts
- associate presidents with timelines, themes & concepts
- identify timelines with BIG IDEAS across periods of US history
- find connections and common themes across US history
- easily find relevant details for larger comprehension
- to help teachers to
- quickly review US History content for lesson planning
- provide students with easy and complete reference source for US history
Click EXPAND for a note for mobile phone users
- these timeline & concept charts use tables in order to connect ideas, timelines, and major concepts
- tables are not mobile-friendly (they do not wrap to a single column)
- when these charts are complete, we will in the future convert the charts to mobile-friendly format as an alternative file
- we encourage you to use a tablet or larger monitor in order to see the charts here
Index
Page structure & format guide
U.S. History course pages:
Article objectives[edit | edit source]
- exploration & colonialism motives & purposes
- review of British internal politics, events, civil and religious conflicts
- impact of domestic Britain events, ideas & rule in American colonialism
- especially religious & political conflict, population & economic growth
- regional, economic, and demographic aspects of colonial expansion
- timeline up to the French-Indian War (1754)
Protestant Reformation, European political and religious conflicts & impacts on American colonies[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
---|---|---|
|
Martin Luther & Protestant Reformation
Thirty Years War, 1618-1648 & European nationalism English Civil War, 1642–1651 & the Commonwealth Religious conflict & persecution as push factor on migration to colonial America
|
BIG IDEAS
DETAILS Protestant Reformation[edit | edit source]
Church of England & Protestantism in England (English Reformation)[edit | edit source]
Thirty Years War, 1618-1648[edit | edit source]
click EXPAND for notes on Bohemian Revolt: [[File:Prague Castle defenestration site.jpg|thumb|The window (top floor) where the defenestration occurred in 1618, when Protestant locals threw two Catholic agents of the Holy Roman Emperor out the window; they both survived]] * Bohemia had a long history of quasi-independence from Catholic rule ** including the right to publish the Bible in Slavic (see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius Saints Cyril and Methodius (wikipedia)] * Bohemian priest Jan Hus led a reform movement, especially in protest of papal selling of "indulgences" (forgiveness for sins for money) ** Hus was excommunicated and burned at the stake in 1415 ** Hus's followers led a successful peasant revolt in the "Hussite Wars" ** ultimately, the Hussites surrendered to the Catholic King of Bohemia ** Hus's reform movement came over 100 years before that of Church reformer Martin Luther (the 1517 "95 Theses"), who inherited Hus' ideas * the Bohemian Revolt (1618-1620) was precipitated when royal governors (agents of the Holy Roman Emperor) attempted retake Catholic properties and rule ** Protestant leaders threw two of the royal governors out the window of a castle *** both survived *** the Catholics claimed that Mother Mary descended from heaven and gently set them on the ground *** the Protestants claimed that they fell into donkey dung, thus saving them from the fall *** one of the royal governors was later rewarded by the Emperor and given the title, "Baron of Highfall"
English Civil War, 1642–1651[edit | edit source]
The Commonwealth (or Interregnum) & Charles Cromwell[edit | edit source]
English Civil War & the American colonies[edit | edit source]
Significance of English Civil War & Legacy on American Colonies[edit | edit source]
Glorious Revolution & English Bill or Rights & Tolerance Act[edit | edit source]
|
British exploration and early settlements in North America[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
---|---|---|
|
early British expeditions not successful because goals were to find gold & a route to Asia
|
BIG IDEAS
DETAILS Early British explorations of North America[edit | edit source]
British governance of early colonies[edit | edit source]
Royal charters & mercantilism[edit | edit source]
Dominion of New England[edit | edit source]
mercantilism[edit | edit source]
Salutary neglect[edit | edit source]
click EXPAND for excerpt from Burke's speech to Parliament in 1775: “That I know that the colonies in general owe little or nothing to any care of ours, and that they are not squeezed into this happy form by the constraints of watchful and suspicious government, but that, through a wise and salutary neglect, a generous nature has been suffered to take her own way to perfection; when I reflect upon these effects, when I see how profitable they have been to us, I feel all the pride of power sink, and all presumption in the wisdom of human contrivances melt, and die away within me.” |
Timeline of migration in British-American colonies[edit | edit source]
Period | Pattern/ Type | Notes |
---|---|---|
1609-1620s | Initial settlement | Virginia & Plymouth colonies |
1630-1642 |
- 16,000 migrants arrive to Massachusetts Bay colony - inland migration as settlers expand across New England | |
1634 | Catholic migrants to Maryland | about 200 settlers, mostly Catholic settled in Maryland-- |
1635-38 | inland migration to Connecticut and Rhode Island | - Roger Williams creates Rhode Island (1636)
- Ann Hutchinson & associates move to Rhode Island (1638) |
1645-1665 | English Civil War Royalist migration | as the Parliamentarians (protestants) gained over the Royalists (Cavaliers), royalist supporters fled England for the ROyalist-loyal colonies of Maryland and Virginia
- 1649 Charles I was executed, accelerating Royalist emigration from England - 75% of them came as unskilled, indentured servants in Virginia, which became an influence leading up to Bacon's Rebellion (see The Cavalier flight to Virginia) |
1665 | colonial population estimates: | - total population estimated at 75,000 |
1680-1776 | Scottish-Irish, German migrants | - push cause: British wars/ occupation of Scotland & Ireland
- settlement to Piedmont region (Eastern slope of Appalachians) - Chesapeake and Atlantic coast settlement in "tidewaters" of Maryland, Virginia and the Carolinas |
1683 | arrival of the Concord | - considered the "German Mayflower"
- had 33 German Mennonites on board; landed near Philadelphia |
1681 | WIlliam Penn granted land by Charles II | - names it Pennsylvania
- Quaker refuge - settlers include Germans |
early 1700s | Mennonite settlements in Pennsylvania | mostly Swiss and German religious dissenters |
1700 | colonial population estimates: |
- 275,000 in all colonies - 7,000 in Boston - 5,000 in New York City |
1718 | French establish New Orleans | receives migration from Canada and France |
1725 | black slave population: |
- starting w/ first importation of African slaves in 1619 (about 20) to Jamestown - by 1725 black slave population estimated at 75,000 |
1760 | colonial population estimate: | - total population est. at 1,600,000
- estimated 350,000 white migrants were indentured servants |
1790 | loyalist emigration from American colonies | the 1790 census showed emigration of
- 46,000 went to Canada - 10,000 who returned to England - 6,000 who went to the Caribbean (including Bahamas) |
Sources: |
Country | Immigrants before 1790 | Population 1790[1] |
---|---|---|
Africa[2] | 360,000 | 757,000 |
England* | 230,000 | 2,100,000 |
Ulster Scots-Irish* | 135,000 | 300,000 |
Germany[3] | 103,000 | 270,000 |
Scotland | 48,500 | 150,000 |
Ireland* | 8,000 | (Incl. in Scot-Irish) |
Netherlands | 6,000 | 100,000 |
Wales* | 4,000 | 10,000 |
France | 3,000 | 15,000 |
Jewish[4] | 1,000 | 2,000 |
Sweden | 1,000 | 6,000 |
Other[5] | 50,000 | 200,000 |
British total | 425,500 | 2,560,000 |
Total[6] | 950,000 | 3,900,000 |
Early British North American colonization[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1651 British Navigation Act 1676 Bacon's Rebellion 1681, William Penn granted charter for Pennsylvania 1692 Salem Witchcraft Trials 1721 British policy of "Salutary Neglect" |
British colonial population growth
Migration Push / Pull factors
Joint Stock Company
Headright System
Indentured servants
Separatists (religious)
John Winthrop & "city upon a hill"
|
BIG IDEAS
British colonial population growth & demographics[edit | edit source]
Early British settlements of North America[edit | edit source]
Joint-stock company[edit | edit source]
Jamestown, 1607[edit | edit source]
House of Burgesses, 1642-1776[edit | edit source]
Virginia "tobacco economy"[edit | edit source]
Headright System/Headrights[edit | edit source]
Maryland[edit | edit source]
Rhode Island[edit | edit source]
>> notes / todo Rhode Island & religious freedom * 1636 Rhode Island passed acts to prohibit religious persecution of "non-Trinitarians" ** "Trinitarian" refers to believers of the "Holy Trinity", which is a core Catholic belief ** Rhode Island is considered the first government to separate "Church and State" * 1649 Maryland passed the Maryland Toleration Act to enforce religious tolerance for Catholics ("Trinitarians") ** the Rhode Island and Maryland laws explicitly protected only Christians *** after the English Restoration, Rhode Island welcomed Quakers, Jews and others seeking religious liberty Pennsylvania[edit | edit source]Quakers = "Religious Society of Friends"
Connecticut[edit | edit source]
Religious groups, movements[edit | edit source]
“IN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN. We… Do by these Presents, solemnly and mutually, in the Presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid: And by Virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Officers, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due Submission and Obedience …”
click EXPAAND for Bradford's account of the cicada outbreak of 1633: "It is to be observed that, the spring before this sickness, there was a numerous company of Flies which were like for bigness unto wasps or Bumble-Bees; they came out of little holes in the ground, and did eat up the green things, and made such a constant yelling noise as made the woods ring of them, and ready to deafen the hearers; they were not any seen or heard by the English in this country before this time; but the Indians told them that sickness would follow, and so it did, very hot, in the months of June, July, and August of that summer."
|
Southern colonial economies & demographics[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
---|---|---|
|
cash crops[edit | edit source]plantation economy[edit | edit source]coastal elites[edit | edit source]
backcountry farmers[edit | edit source]
Bacon's Rebellion[edit | edit source]slavery[edit | edit source]>> to do
|
BIG IDEAS
DETAILS
|
Colonial slavery[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
---|---|---|
|
subtitle[edit | edit source] |
BIG IDEAS DETAILS
slavery & slave culture
slave population & distribution
for Colonial populations, including slaves and free blacks see: https://web.viu.ca/davies/H320/population.colonies.htm ESTIMATED POPULATION OF AMERICAN COLONIES (viu.ca) |
New England colonial expansion[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events | |
---|---|---|---|
|
subtitle[edit | edit source] |
BIG IDEAS
DETAILS
>> see Taylor on 1/4th of Boston freeman had ownership of a ship |
central colonies[edit | edit source]
PERIOD / TIMELINE | Major Events, Concepts & Themes | Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events |
---|---|---|
|
subtitle[edit | edit source] |
BIG IDEAS DETAILS
|
Colonial wars[edit | edit source]
War Timeline | Colonial name | European name | Consequence | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1675-1763 |
"French & Indian Wars" include:
|
BIG IDEAS
| ||
1675–1678 | King Philip's War | n/a - independent of European conflicts or involvement |
| |
1688–1697 | King William's War |
|
| |
1702–1713 | Queen Anne's War | War of the Spanish Succession |
| |
1722–1725 | Dumner's War |
n/a - colonial war
|
|
|
1739 | War of Jenkin's Ear |
n/a - colonial conflict
|
| |
1744–1748 | King George's War | War of the Austrian Succession |
| |
1754–1763 | French-Indian War | Seven Years' War | to be discussed in subsequent timeline & concepts chart |
- ↑ Data From Ann Arbor, Michigan: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPS).
- ↑ Several West African regions were the home to most African immigrants. Population from U.S. 1790 Census.
- ↑ Germany in this time period consisted of a large number of separate countries, the largest of which was Prussia.
- ↑ Jewish settlers from several European countries.
- ↑ The Other category probably contains mostly English ancestry settlers; but the loss of several states' census records make better estimates difficult. The summaries of the 1790 and 1800 census from all states survived.
- ↑ Total represents total immigration over the approximately 130 year span of existence of the U.S. colonies as found in the 1790 census. At the time of the American Revolution, the foreign-born population was estimated to be from 300,000 to 400,000.