Movement: Difference between revisions

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'''Movement'''
>> see [[Time]]
>> see [[Time]]
[category: Social Studies Concepts]
[category: Social Studies Concepts]


Movement & Geography
Concept: Movement & Geography


'''Movement'''


== Time, Distance, Communication & Movement ==
== Time, Distance, Communication & Movement ==
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* mechanized propulsion
* mechanized propulsion


=== Animal Propulsion ===  
== Animal Propulsion ==
** horses
** horses
*** prior to domestication horses were hunted for food
*** prior to domestication horses were hunted for food
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*** camels to Nile and Sahara/ Sub-Sahara Africa
*** camels to Nile and Sahara/ Sub-Sahara Africa


== Boats ==
== Movement by water ==
See: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boat#History Boat History (wiki)]
* Buoyancy / floating
** see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoyancy Buoyancy (wiki)]
* History of boats:
** See: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boat#History Boat History (wiki)]


=== Human-Powered Boats ===
=== Human-Powered Boats ===
* poles for propulsion
* poles for propulsion
* rafts
* oars & paddles
* oars & paddles
** canoes
** canoes
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* wind propulsion
* wind propulsion
* Polynesian catamarans
* Polynesian catamarans
* Egypt << see Egypt outline for boats, ropes, etc.  
* Egypt << see Egypt outline for boats, ropes, etc.


=== History of human movement ===
== History of human movement ==
* migration & land bridges
* migration & land bridges
* development of boats
* development of boats
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=== Navigation ===
== Navigation ==
* Polynesian navigation
* Polynesian navigation
** See [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesian_navigation Polynesian Navigation (wiki)]
** See [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesian_navigation Polynesian Navigation (wiki)]
=== Mechanized Transportation ===
 
== Mechanized Transportation ==
* revolution in distance and time
* revolution in distance and time
* cultural diffusion accelerated  
* cultural diffusion accelerated  
* steamboats
* steamboats
** prior to steam boats, the Mississippi River provided transportation in one direction only, downstream.  With steam, boats could journy upstream, which allowed for trade to flow both norht and south.  
** prior to steam boats, the Mississippi River provided transportation in one direction only, downstream.  With steam, boats could journy upstream, which allowed for trade to flow both north and south.  
*** see [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamboats_of_the_Mississippi Steamboats of the Mississippi]]
*** see [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamboats_of_the_Mississippi Steamboats of the Mississippi]]
* railroads caused need for time zones
* railroads caused need for time zones
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* airplanes
* airplanes


=== Communication & Time, Space & Distance ===
== Communication & Time, Space & Distance ==
** communication across distance was a function of movement
** communication across distance was a function of movement
** writing revolutionizes time by bringing distances together through communication across distance
** writing revolutionizes time by bringing distances together through communication across distance
** with new forms of transportation, communication was speeded over time (horse, boat, sail, railroad, airplane, etc)
** with new forms of transportation, communication was speeded over time (horse, boat, sail, railroad, airplane, etc)
* modern communications revoluation
* modern communications revolution
* speed of correspondences measured by distance (letter-writing)
* speed of correspondences measured by distance (letter-writing)
* telegraph revolutionizes abiltity to send messagaes over distance instaneously
* telegraph revolutionizes ability to send messages over distance instantaneously
** trans-Atlantic cable
** trans-Atlantic cable
*** origins of the Associated Press
*** origins of the Associated Press

Latest revision as of 14:41, 3 March 2021

Movement >> see Time [category: Social Studies Concepts]

Concept: Movement & Geography


Time, Distance, Communication & Movement[edit | edit source]

  • time measured by distance
  • distance defined by geography
    • barriers to movement
    • facilitators to movement
    • see Roman map
  • technological advance is to overcome barriers to movement of geography and distance
  • See also:

Forms of Human Movement[edit | edit source]

  • land
    • walking / running
      • Greece: marathona
      • Inca runners served to communicate across empire
    • animal propulsion
      • domestication of animals for transport
  • water
    • rivers
      • rivers = highway and a moat
    • coastal travel
    • transoceanic travel
  • currents
      • easiest movement by boats designed to flow with the current
      • ex. Babylonian inflatable boats made of animal skin/ guts used to float down Euphrates River
    • paddle/ oars
      • liquid
  • wind & sail
  • mechanized propulsion

Animal Propulsion[edit | edit source]

    • horses
      • prior to domestication horses were hunted for food
    • cattle
    • camels
      • ability to cross large distances with heavy loads (25-30 miles / day)
      • ability to survive distances without water
        • related to metabolism and not the "hump" which is made of fat and provides energy (food) and not water
        • ability to withstand absence of water related to conserve water and to adjust its body temperature in order to avoid sweating
      • originally from the Americas: related to the Llama
      • sources:
      • migrated to Asia where they were domesticated in central Asia
      • camels to Arabia
      • camels to Nile and Sahara/ Sub-Sahara Africa

Movement by water[edit | edit source]

Human-Powered Boats[edit | edit source]

  • poles for propulsion
  • rafts
  • oars & paddles
    • canoes
      • dugout canoes
      • bark canoes
      • kayaks
    • large canoes & catamarans
    • catamaran designed for stability
  • sail & wind-powered propulsion
    • square sail
    • lateen sail
  • mechanized propulsion

Sail[edit | edit source]

Priests traveling across kealakekua bay for first contact rituals (wiki)
  • wind propulsion
  • Polynesian catamarans
  • Egypt << see Egypt outline for boats, ropes, etc.

History of human movement[edit | edit source]

  • migration & land bridges
  • development of boats
    • implied evidence of early use of boats:
      • settlement of Crete c. 130,000 BC
      • settlement of Australia, c. 40,000 BC
  • >> to do


Navigation[edit | edit source]

Mechanized Transportation[edit | edit source]

  • revolution in distance and time
  • cultural diffusion accelerated
  • steamboats
    • prior to steam boats, the Mississippi River provided transportation in one direction only, downstream. With steam, boats could journy upstream, which allowed for trade to flow both north and south.
  • railroads caused need for time zones
    • before the need to create regular schedules across great distances, time was measured locally by the position of the sun
    • with rapid movement by rail, the need for a comman, relative measurement of time became important in order to organize the rail system and its schedules: time zones were the solution, creating a single period of time across a large distance that could be calibrated against other time "zones"
  • local rail / trolleys
  • automobiles
  • trucks
  • airplanes

Communication & Time, Space & Distance[edit | edit source]

    • communication across distance was a function of movement
    • writing revolutionizes time by bringing distances together through communication across distance
    • with new forms of transportation, communication was speeded over time (horse, boat, sail, railroad, airplane, etc)
  • modern communications revolution
  • speed of correspondences measured by distance (letter-writing)
  • telegraph revolutionizes ability to send messages over distance instantaneously
    • trans-Atlantic cable
      • origins of the Associated Press
    • Morse Code
    • photographs transmitted by telegraph
  • telephone
    • transmission of voice over distance (still using wires)
  • radio
    • transmission of voice or code over distance without wires
  • television
    • transmission of moving or live images over distance without wires
  • facsimile machines
    • ability to send copies of documents over telephone lines
  • cellular phones
    • more practical than radio
  • internet