Logical fallacy: Difference between revisions
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==Logical fallacies and tricks== | ==Logical fallacies and tricks== | ||
*ad hominem | |||
*ad populum / bandwagon appeal | |||
*begging the question | *begging the question | ||
*broken leg fallacy | *broken leg fallacy | ||
**presents a solution for a problem caused by that or a related solution | **presents a solution for a problem caused by that or a related solution | ||
**i.e, break the leg, then offer to fix it | **i.e, break the leg, then offer to fix it | ||
*circular argument | |||
**restates the argument rather than proving it | |||
**ex. "''She's a great skater because she skates well''" | |||
*confusing credentials for evidence | *confusing credentials for evidence | ||
**i.e., "98% of dentists recommend flossing" | **i.e., "98% of dentists recommend flossing" | ||
***does not provide evidence for the benefits of flossing, just that supposed experts say so | ***does not provide evidence for the benefits of flossing, just that supposed experts say so | ||
*either/or | |||
*fallacy of relevance | *fallacy of relevance | ||
*false equivalence | |||
**illogical comparison of dissimilar subjects | |||
**i.e., comparing "apples to oranges" | |||
*genetic fallacy | |||
**fallacy that of the origins of something determine its value | |||
**ex., the VW was designed by Hitler, and Hitler is evil, therefore the VW is evil | |||
*hasty generalization | |||
** | |||
*''ignoratio elenchi'' an argument that misses the point | *''ignoratio elenchi'' an argument that misses the point | ||
*moral equivalence fallacy | |||
**illogically compares things of distinct moral or ethical dimensions | |||
**ex., "''That politician who disagrees with me is a Nazi!''" | |||
*non sequitur | *non sequitur | ||
**" Humpty Dumptying" or "Humpty Dumptyisms": | **" Humpty Dumptying" or "Humpty Dumptyisms": | ||
Revision as of 01:12, 21 February 2023
Logical fallacies, or logical errors, are erroneous, illogical, or misleading arguments or claims
- erroneous = contains an error of fact or
- illogical = draws a conclusion not supported by premises
- misleading = deliberately constructed to deceive or mislead
See Social Studies skills: Logical and observational fallacies & paradoxes for list of logical and observational fallacies regarding the Social Sciences.
Logical fallacies and tricks[edit | edit source]
- ad hominem
- ad populum / bandwagon appeal
- begging the question
- broken leg fallacy
- presents a solution for a problem caused by that or a related solution
- i.e, break the leg, then offer to fix it
- circular argument
- restates the argument rather than proving it
- ex. "She's a great skater because she skates well"
- confusing credentials for evidence
- i.e., "98% of dentists recommend flossing"
- does not provide evidence for the benefits of flossing, just that supposed experts say so
- i.e., "98% of dentists recommend flossing"
- either/or
- fallacy of relevance
- false equivalence
- illogical comparison of dissimilar subjects
- i.e., comparing "apples to oranges"
- genetic fallacy
- fallacy that of the origins of something determine its value
- ex., the VW was designed by Hitler, and Hitler is evil, therefore the VW is evil
- hasty generalization
- ignoratio elenchi an argument that misses the point
- moral equivalence fallacy
- illogically compares things of distinct moral or ethical dimensions
- ex., "That politician who disagrees with me is a Nazi!"
- non sequitur
- " Humpty Dumptying" or "Humpty Dumptyisms":
- = an "arbitrary redefinition" like that used by Humpty Dumpty in "Alice in Wonderland"
- who tells Alice, "“When I use a word it means just what I choose it to mean—neither more nor less.”
- red herring
- strawman fallacy
- = the target of an argument (the "strawman") has nothing to do with the actual argument
- either-or fallacy
- incorrectly argues only two options or possibilities
- see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies
See also