Learning process

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Revision as of 16:12, 31 January 2024 by Bromley (talk | contribs) (→‎Feedback)

Learning process

  • the processes, methods, and strategies by which students engage learning
  • the Learning Process deeply impacts classroom management and student engagement

Learning process in general[edit | edit source]

Learning process in pedagogy[edit | edit source]

from the pedagogical, or teaching, perspective the learning process engages students in two basic steps:

  1. teacher showing
  2. student doing

These are called

  1. Guided practice
  2. Independent practice

Guided Practice[edit | edit source]

  • by "guided" we mean "teacher shows, demonstrates, explains," etc.
    • i.e., "guided" = the teacher helps the student
  • by "practice" we mean the student "does" along with what the teacher "guides"
  • for the student guided practice may entail:
Teacher Shows Student Does Methodology Positive Negative
Lecture
  • listen
  • take notes
  • ask questions
  • Lecture-based Guided Practice extends student prior knowledge
  • instructional and informational transfer can be maximized via lecture
  • pacing must match classroom and individual student "prior knowledge", upon which new learning is built and practiced
  • students must be "guided" in effective lecture- based learning
  • students may process new information at different paces
Cooperative (or Group) Work
  • follow teacher or project instruction
  • actively participate
  • with teacher guidance students practice in groups so that each becomes both teacher and student
  • So long as the students have been guided properly on goals steps, outcomes, etc., cooperative practice yields more active student practice than lecture
  • students may not cooperate with one another
  • the learning will be constrained by the limits and parameters of the activity

Independent practice[edit | edit source]

  • by "independent" we mean the student engages the "practice" alone, without teacher guidance
    • paired or group practice is not entirely independent

Feedback[edit | edit source]

  • Guided Practice is connected to Independent Practice via teacher feedback
  • feedback comes in the form of
    • questions and answers
    • formal or informal assessment with correction
      • informal assessment: teacher asks or presents students with questions, usually without grading
        • i.e., in-class Question and Answer
        • worksheets
        • review
      • formal assessment: graded independent practice to be measured by a grade
        • homework, quiz, test, project, etc.

Learning process depictions

Feedback Loop[edit | edit source]

Guided & Independent Practice[edit | edit source]

ASSESSMENT[edit | edit source]